QUESTION 1(quiz4) The earth\'s largest mass extinction coincides with _____ in S
ID: 117784 • Letter: Q
Question
QUESTION 1(quiz4)
The earth's largest mass extinction coincides with _____ in Siberia.
a massive meteorite impact
massive volcanism
a significant climate change
flooding of continental areas
expansion of glaciers
1 points
QUESTION 2
The oldest rock yet found on Earth is approximately 4.2 billion years old, but older individual mineral grains have been found.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 3
Granite
Limestone
Marble
Sandstone
1 points
QUESTION 4
Concerning the relative ages of the shale and sandstone, _____
The shale must be older, according to the principle of superposition
The sandstone must be older, according to the principle of superposition
The sandstone must be older, according to the principle of inclusions
Their relative ages cannot be determined from the information given
1 points
QUESTION 5
The oldest fossils date back to approximately ________ years ago.
3,500
35,000
3,500,000
350,000,000
3,500,000,000
1 points
QUESTION 6
The marble rind surrounding the granite pluton formed _____
Before the intrusion of the granite
Their relative ages cannot be determined from the information given
Because of the intrusion of the dike
When the temperature of the limestone surrounding the intruding granitic magma increased significantly, changing it into marble
1 points
QUESTION 7
The age of Earth CANNOT be reliably estimated from sediment thicknesses because ____________.
sedimentation rates are not likely to remain constant at any one locality over all of Earth's history
sedimentary rocks can be melted or metamorphosed
locally, there are erosional surfaces between layers
all of the above
1 points
QUESTION 8
Fossils are most common in which rock types?
Fossils are equally common in sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphic
Igneous
Sedimentary
1 points
QUESTION 9
The numerical age of a geologic event in the rock record is __________.
the number of years that has elapsed between the event and the beginning of human civilization
the amount of time that has elapsed between the event and another similar geologic event
the number of years that has elapsed between the event and the present day
the amount of time that has elapsed between the event and the beginning of Earth history
1 points
QUESTION 10
During which geologic eon did the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere approach modern levels?
the Archean
during the Proterozoic
during the Paleozoic
during the Cenozoic
1 points
QUESTION 11
A formation is the process by which sedimentary rocks come into existence.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 12
Which of the following is used by geologists to determine the relative ages in a rock sequence?
all of the above
cross-cutting relations
stratigraphy
fossils
1 points
QUESTION 13
Radiometric dating is possible if a rock contains a measurable amount of ___________.
both daughter and parent atoms
daughter atoms
parent atoms
either daughter or parent atoms
1 points
QUESTION 14
Which of the following geologic principles is a direct result of gravity?
Baked contacts
Inclusions
Cross-cutting relationships
Original horizontality
1 points
QUESTION 15
Which of the following is the smallest division of geologic time?
periods
eons
epochs
eras
1 points
QUESTION 16
If the lithology and fossil content of two bodies of rock on opposite sides of a canyon are identical, then these remaining outcrops were likely physically connected at one time and formed part of an extensive, sheet-like layer of rock. This idea summarizes the principle of _____
Superposition
Original horizontality
Uniformitarianism
Lateral continuity
1 points
QUESTION 17
Which of the following is the best statement of the principle of original horizontality?
Igneous intrusions form horizontal layers
Most igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks in the Earth's crust form horizontal layers
Metamorphic isograds are horizontal before deformation
Sediments are deposited as horizontal layers
1 points
QUESTION 18
The half-life of the carbon 14 isotope is 5730 years. If there were 4 billion atoms of C14 in a particular organism at the time it died, how many atoms of C14 would there be in the remains of that organism 11,460 years after it died?
1 billion
2 billion
3 billion
4 billion
8 billion
1 points
QUESTION 19
A rock formed with 1000 atoms of a radioactive parent element, but contains only 250 radioactive parent atoms today. If the half-life for the radioactive element is one million years, how old is the rock?
250,000 years old
4 million years old
2 million years old
750,000 years old
1 points
QUESTION 20
Which of the following statements regarding radiometric dating is true?
After two half-lives, no radioactive atoms remain.
Sedimentary rocks can be dated more easily than igneous rocks.
The radioactive decay product is called the parent atom.
Carbon-14 cannot be used to date material more than 100,000 years old.
1 points
QUESTION 21
How old are the oldest rocks minerals on Earth?
approximately 1.75 billion years oldA
approximately 10,000 years old
approximately 4.2 billion years old
approximately 500 million years old
1 points
QUESTION 22
Buried erosional surfaces between parallel sedimentary strata are termed ____________.
unconformities
conformable sedimentary contact
angular unconformities
nonconformities
1 points
QUESTION 23
The principle of superposition states that __________.
undisturbed sedimentary layers get progressively younger from bottom to top
the present is the key to the past
sediments are deposited as essentially horizontal layers
a fault is younger than the rocks it cuts
1 points
QUESTION 24
Which of the following statements about radioactivity is false?
Energy is consumed during radioactive decay.
The decay product of a radioactive element is called the daughter product.
A radioactive element decays at a constant rate.
Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of an atom.
1 points
QUESTION 25
If the relative age of two formations (with respect to one another) is known, then the numerical ages for each formation can be inferred.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 26
Minerals are all naturally occurring solid substances with a definable chemical composition. They must also possess ________.
an ability to be synthesized in the laboratory as well as be found in nature
metallic elements, such as iron, calcium, or magnesium
metallic luster
a fixed crystalline structure (spatial arrangement of atoms and ions)
1 points
QUESTION 27
Pyrite (FeS2) is in which mineral class?
silicates
carbonates
oxides
sulfides
1 points
QUESTION 28
What type of mineral is pyrite, also known as fool's gold ?
carbonate
oxide
silicate
sulfide
1 points
QUESTION 29
Which of the following mountain ranges is the product of continent-continent convergence?
the Andes
the Cascade Range
the Himalayas
the Japanese islands
1 points
QUESTION 30
Which of the following relationships is correct?
asthenosphere = crust
lithosphere = crust
asthenosphere = crust + uppermost mantle
lithosphere = crust + uppermost mantle
a massive meteorite impact
massive volcanism
a significant climate change
flooding of continental areas
expansion of glaciers
Explanation / Answer
1.The earth's largest mass extinction coincides with massive volcanism in Siberia
2.The oldest rock yet found on Earth is approximately 4.2 billion years old, but older individual mineral grains have been found.
True
3.The oldest geologic unit in the cross section is the marble
4.Concerning the relative ages of the shale and sandstone, The shale must be older, according to the principle of superposition
5.The oldest fossils date back to approximately 3,500,000,000 years ago.
6.The marble rind surrounding the granite pluton formed
When the temperature of the limestone surrounding the intruding granitic magma increased significantly, changing it into marble
7.The age of Earth CANNOT be reliably estimated from sediment thicknesses because all of the above
8.Fossils are most common in which rock types? sedimentary
9.The numerical age of a geologic event in the rock record is
the number of years that has elapsed between the event and the present day
10.During which geologic eon did the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere approach modern levels?
proterozoic
11.
A formation is the process by which sedimentary rocks come into existence.
True
12.Which of the following is used by geologists to determine the relative ages in a rock sequence?
all of the above
13.Radiometric dating is possible if a rock contains a measurable amount of
daughter atoms
14.Which of the following geologic principles is a direct result of gravity?
original horizontality
15.Which of the following is the smallest division of geologic time?
periods
16.If the lithology and fossil content of two bodies of rock on opposite sides of a canyon are identical, then these remaining outcrops were likely physically connected at one time and formed part of an extensive, sheet-like layer of rock. This idea summarizes the principle of original continuity
17.Which of the following is the best statement of the principle of original horizontality?
Sediments are deposited as horizontal layers
18.The half-life of the carbon 14 isotope is 5730 years. If there were 4 billion atoms of C14 in a particular organism at the time it died, how many atoms of C14 would there be in the remains of that organism 11,460 years after it died?
1 billion
19.A rock formed with 1000 atoms of a radioactive parent element, but contains only 250 radioactive parent atoms today. If the half-life for the radioactive element is one million years, how old is the rock?
2 million years old
20.Which of the following statements regarding radiometric dating is true?
Carbon-14 cannot be used to date material more than 100,000 years old.
21.How old are the oldest rocks minerals on Earth? approximately 4.2 billion years old
22.Buried erosional surfaces between parallel sedimentary strata are termed uncoformity (type will be Disconformity)
23.The principle of superposition states that
undisturbed sedimentary layers get progressively younger from bottom to top
24 Which of the following statements about radioactivity is false?
.A radioactive element decays at a constant rate.
25.If the relative age of two formations (with respect to one another) is known, then the numerical ages for each formation can be inferred. false
26.Minerals are all naturally occurring solid substances with a definable chemical composition. They must also possess a fixed crystalline structure (spatial arrangement of atoms and ions)
27.Pyrite (FeS2) is in which mineral class?
sulfides
28.What type of mineral is pyrite, also known as fool's gold ?
sulfide
29.Which of the following mountain ranges is the product of continent-continent convergence?
the Himalayas
30.Which of the following relationships is correct?
lithosphere = crust + uppermost mantle
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