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Seattle Health Plans currently uses zero dept financing. Its operating income (E

ID: 1171726 • Letter: S

Question

Seattle Health Plans currently uses zero dept financing. Its operating income (EBIT) is $1 million, and it pays taxes at 40 percent rate. It has $5 million in assets and, because it is all equity financed, $ 5 million in equity. Suppose the firm is considering replacing half of its equity financing with debt financing bearing an interest rate of 8 percent. a. What impact would the new capital structure have on the firm's net income, total dollar return to investors, and ROE? B. Redo the analysis, but now assume that the debt financing would cost 15 percent. C. Return to the initial 8 percent interest rate. Now, assume that EBIT could be as low as $500,000 (with a probability of 20 percent). There remsind s 60 percent chance that EBIT would be $1 million. Redo the analysis for each level of EBIT, and find the expected values for the firm's net income, total dollar return to investors, and ROE. What lesson about capital structure and risk does this illustration provide? D. Repeat the analysis required for Part a, but now assume that Settle Health Plans is a not for profit corporation and pays no taxes. Compare the results with those obtained in Part a. Seattle Health Plans currently uses zero dept financing. Its operating income (EBIT) is $1 million, and it pays taxes at 40 percent rate. It has $5 million in assets and, because it is all equity financed, $ 5 million in equity. Suppose the firm is considering replacing half of its equity financing with debt financing bearing an interest rate of 8 percent. a. What impact would the new capital structure have on the firm's net income, total dollar return to investors, and ROE? B. Redo the analysis, but now assume that the debt financing would cost 15 percent. C. Return to the initial 8 percent interest rate. Now, assume that EBIT could be as low as $500,000 (with a probability of 20 percent). There remsind s 60 percent chance that EBIT would be $1 million. Redo the analysis for each level of EBIT, and find the expected values for the firm's net income, total dollar return to investors, and ROE. What lesson about capital structure and risk does this illustration provide? D. Repeat the analysis required for Part a, but now assume that Settle Health Plans is a not for profit corporation and pays no taxes. Compare the results with those obtained in Part a.

Explanation / Answer

A.Impact of New Capital Structure on the firm's net income, total dollar return to investors, and ROE:

Before Debt Financing

After Debt Financing

EBIT

1000,000

1000,000

Less: Interest

-

200,000

EBT

1000,000

800,000

Less: Taxes@40%

400,000

320,000

EAT

600,000

480,000

Equity

5000,000

2500,000

Earning per $ of Equity

0.12

0.192

ROE

12%

19.2%

Total $ return to investors have reduced from 600,000 to 480,000

But since the equity has declined, ROE has increased from 12% to 19.2%

B.Cost of Debt Financing is 15%

Before Debt Financing

After Debt Financing

EBIT

1000,000

1000,000

Less: Interest

-

375,000

EBT

1000,000

625,000

Less: Taxes@40%

400,000

250,000

EAT

600,000

375,000

Equity

5000,000

2500,000

Earning per $ of Equity

0.12

0.15

ROE

12%

15%

Total $ return to investors have reduced from 600,000 to 375,000

But since the equity has declined, ROE has increased from 12% to 15%

C.Comparison

02 Probability

0.6 Probability

EBIT

500,000

1000,000

Less: Interest

200,000

200,000

EBT

300,000

800,000

Less: Taxes@40%

120,000

320,000

EAT

180,000

480,000

Equity

2500,000

2500,000

Earning per $ of Equity

0.072

0.192

ROE

7.2%

19.2%

With 100% increase in profits, ROE has increased by more than 100%. This is known as trading on Equity i.e. the benefit of having a leveraged capital structure.

D.Part A without Taxes

Before Debt Financing

After Debt Financing

EBIT

1000,000

1000,000

Less: Interest

-

200,000

EBT

1000,000

800,000

Less: Taxes

NIL

NIL

EAT

1000,000

800,000

Equity

5000,000

2500,000

Earning per $ of Equity

0.2

0.32

ROE

20%

32%

Higher Increase in ROE after debt financing when there are no taxes, because of higher income for Equity.

Before Debt Financing

After Debt Financing

EBIT

1000,000

1000,000

Less: Interest

-

200,000

EBT

1000,000

800,000

Less: Taxes@40%

400,000

320,000

EAT

600,000

480,000

Equity

5000,000

2500,000

Earning per $ of Equity

0.12

0.192

ROE

12%

19.2%

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