1) The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis provides an explanation for the often-
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Question
1) The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis provides an explanation for the often-observed negative genetic correlationa. between reproduction earlier in life and reduced survivorship later in life
b. caused by the trade-off between two different traits that a pleiotropic locus encodes
c. none of the choices listed
d. between rates of mutation and selective value of a trait
e. both between reproduction earlier and reduced survivorship later in life and trade-offs among traits encoded by pleiotropic loci
2) Which of the following properties are necessary for selection to act on any biological entity?
a. entity capable of self-replication
b. selection can distinguish among phenotypic variants of the entity
c. in replicating, it generates heritable variation
d. self replication, in replicating it generates heritable variation, and selection distinguishing among the phenotypic variants
e. self replication and selection distinguishing among phenotypic variants
3) Phylogenies are useful and necessary for all of the following except:
a. testing hypotheses of adaptation
b. testing hypotheses about coevolution
c. estimating the time of divergence in combination with molecular clocks
d. testing hypotheses about linkage disequilibrium
e. testing for convergent evolution
4) Absolute average fitness of the population
a. provides a conceptual link between population genetics and demography
b. equals the net reproductive rate of the population and provides a conceptual link between population genetics and demography
c. equals relative average fitness of the population
d. equals the net reproductive rate of the population
e. has no relationship to demographic parameters of population growth
5) Selection for a recessive allele and against a dominant allele in the population
a. results in a very long, protracted spread of the recessive allele in the population until it nears fixation at a frequency of 1.0
b. results in heterozygote deficiency from expectation
c. results in both maximum fitness at an intermediate frequency, but the recessive allele is forms fewer heterozygotes than expected
d. results in an adaptive landscape with maximum fitness at an intermediate frequency of the recessive allele
e. results in a rapid spread of the recessive allele in the population until it reaches fixation at a frequency of 1.0
6) Homeobox genes control
a. development of specific structures of limbs of higher vertebrates
b. identity of segments along the anterior-posterior axis in all metazoans by encoding proteins that specify spatial position in the developing organism
c. morphological development in cnidarians, flatworms and roundworms
d. pattern formation in derived insects, like Drosophila, other derived higher invertebrates and all vertebrates
e. establishment of regions specifying the dorsal-ventral axis of all metazoans
Explanation / Answer
1) The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis provides an explanation for the often-observed negative genetic correlation
a. between reproduction earlier in life and reduced survivorship later in life
b. caused by the trade-off between two different traits that a pleiotropic locus encodes
c. none of the choices listed
d. between rates of mutation and selective value of a trait
e. both between reproduction earlier and reduced survivorship later in life and trade-offs among traits encoded by pleiotropic loci
2) Which of the following properties are necessary for selection to act on any biological entity?
a. entity capable of self-replication
b. selection can distinguish among phenotypic variants of the entity
c. in replicating, it generates heritable variation
d. self replication, in replicating it generates heritable variation, and selection distinguishing among the phenotypic variants
e. self replication and selection distinguishing among phenotypic variants
3) Phylogenies are useful and necessary for all of the following except:
a. testing hypotheses of adaptation
b. testing hypotheses about coevolution
c. estimating the time of divergence in combination with molecular clocks
d. testing hypotheses about linkage disequilibrium
e. testing for convergent evolution
4) Absolute average fitness of the population
a. provides a conceptual link between population genetics and demography
b. equals the net reproductive rate of the population and provides a conceptual link between population genetics and demography
c. equals relative average fitness of the population
d. equals the net reproductive rate of the population
e. has no relationship to demographic parameters of population growth
5) Selection for a recessive allele and against a dominant allele in the population
a. results in a very long, protracted spread of the recessive allele in the population until it nears fixation at a frequency of 1.0
b. results in heterozygote deficiency from expectation
c. results in both maximum fitness at an intermediate frequency, but the recessive allele is forms fewer heterozygotes than expected
d. results in an adaptive landscape with maximum fitness at an intermediate frequency of the recessive allele
e. results in a rapid spread of the recessive allele in the population until it reaches fixation at a frequency of 1.0
6) Homeobox genes control
a. development of specific structures of limbs of higher vertebrates
b. identity of segments along the anterior-posterior axis in all metazoans by encoding proteins that specify spatial position in the developing organism
c. morphological development in cnidarians, flatworms and roundworms
d. pattern formation in derived insects, like Drosophila, other derived higher invertebrates and all vertebrates
e. establishment of regions specifying the dorsal-ventral axis of all metazoans
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