Question 7 Which of the following would compromise an experiment\'s external val

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Question 7 Which of the following would compromise an experiment's external validity? a. If the researcher's experiment applied in an unusual cultural setting. b. If the researcher hired surveyors but did not tell them the hypothesis of the study. c. If the researcher funded the study using an external grant. d. If the researcher utilizes a control and two treatment groups. Question 8 What is the main consequence of a loss of internal validity in an experiment? a. The results will not generalize well to other countries. b. The experiment will run over budget. c. The experiment will show no correlation between the treatment and outcomes d. The results of the experiment will provide neither causality nor magnitude. Question besides just PPP GDP per capita. Which of the following is a main lesson from doing so? differences in welfare. misranks which nations are rich and which are poor. the richest, which makes them better places to live than it might seem. leisure than those in rich ones, which makes poor countries better places to live than it might seem. Question 10 The Harrod-Domar model predicts that investment will lead to permanently higher growth 9 Economists have taken a broader view on welfare, adding other factors to their measures a. Cross-country differences in PPP GDP p.c. are probably much smaller than cross-country b. PPP GDP p.c. fails to account for the number of people in each country, so it completely c. PPP GDP p.c. fails to account for the fact that the poorest countries are much more equal than d. PPP GDP pc. fails to account for the fact that people in poor countries enjoy much more of income per capita. What property does it fail to account for? a. Capital depreciates. b. Production of new capital requires saving and investment today c. The population grows over time. d. There is diminishing returns to capital.

Explanation / Answer

7. The answer to this part is '(a)'. External validity is basically the how valid is conclusion drawn from a study when applied to the real world. In other words, when the generalized inferences are drawn from a sciemtific study, how much will they hold when applied in the real world. Hence applying them to a highly unusual cultural setting would definitely compromise its validity because this group is very different than the grneral group which was studied. Since the behaviour of the general sample and this unusual group is different, the conclusions would be different and hence the inferences made from general study could not apply here.

All the options dont affect the study to make it invalid.

8. Internal validity is the establishing proper causal effect in a study. That is we can say with confidence that changing independent variable affects the dependent variable. Therefore when internal validity is not established, then neither causality nor magnitude can be established. That is we cannot say with certainity that this variable causes changes in the dependant variable. Hence answer is D. Note here that option C says experiment gives no correlation. In absence of internal validity, correlation could still be observed. However if one variable causes the other or there is a cofounding variable violates the internal validity.

9. The answer to this is A. This is because PPP GDP per capita is how much does an exchange rate adjusted unit of currency can buy a basket of goods in different countries. Therefore a country can have exact same PPP. For example: a hamburger price in the US could be exactly same in Austrailia, making the ppp same (if suppose hamburger is the only good we measure for ppp). However, there could be severe inequality in Austrailia making larger differences in welfare between the two countries. Therefore ppp gdp per capita predicts similar standard of living whereas thats not the case. Hence D is the correct answer.

10. The Harrod domar model given by the formula : s/? ~=(approximately equal to) g* +n + ? where s is the savings rate, ? is the capital output ratio, g* is the overall growth rate, n is the population growth rate and ? is the rate at which captial depreciates. Therefore we see that all the factors are accounted for except there is diminishing returns to capital. That is the more capital is increased, returns from sunsequent capital diminishes. That is because captial outweighs the labour. Therefore we cannot increase investment indeterminately. This property was explained by solow model. Hence the answer is D.

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