Answer all of them please!! 1) Compare and contrast evolution by artificial sele

Question

Answer all of them please!! 1) Compare and contrast evolution by artificial selection and natural selection 2) How should stabilizing and disruptive selection affect the magnitude of phenotypic variation from one generation to the next? 3) Compare and contrast semelparous and iteroparous life history strategies. 4) Give 2 reasons why an individual could face a trade-off between offspring number and offspring size. 5) Compare and contrast the costs and benefits associated with sexual vs. asexual reproduction, 6) Compare and contrast monogamy, polygyny, polyandry and promiscuity

Explanation / Answer

1. During natural selection the species survival and reproduction determine the genetic traits. In the Artificial selection the humans are placed in control of choosing which traits show up in future generations, and which ones do not. While humans may artificially enhance or repress an organism's genetic traits through selective breeding, nature concerns itself with traits that allow advantages to a species' ability to mate and survive.When man selects organisms to breed for specific traits, many times he selects related members to enhance that trait. This inbreeding can cause an expression of dangerous genes.

2.In the stabilzing selection individuals with intermediate values of a trait have higher fitness whereas in Disruptive selection both extremes are favoured over the average. Thus the stabilizing selection decrease the magnitude of phenotypic variation from one generation to the next and the disruptive selection increase the  the magnitude of phenotypic variation between generations.

3. Semelparous is when an organism has one reproductive event in it’s life, like salmon, while iteroparous is when organisms have multiple reproductive events in their lifespan, like elephants and rabbits. Both semelparous and iteroparous involve reproduction however, they differ in the amount of times this reproduction occurs in an organism's life.

4.The reasons are as follows.

a. declining fertility rates with industrialization and higher income levels appear at odds with economic rationality.

b. optimization of resource allocation to offspring quantity versus quality can account for observed socio-ecological and individual-level variation in fertility.

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