3. Assume that air-pollution control standards for automobiles vary between two

Question

3. Assume that air-pollution control standards for automobiles vary between two cities. The volume of NOx emitted into the atmosphere per year in CITY A is 2.7 x 100 liters. The volume of NOx emitted into the atmosphere per day in cITY B is 5.0 x 10' liters. CITY A has 1,000,000 automobiles, each traveling a round trip of 15 miles per week day. CITY B has 400,000 automobiles, each traveling a round trip of 50 miles per week day. Assume every car is operating within the legal emission standard for each city. a. Which city has a stricter emission standard for grams of NOx emitted per vehicle mile? b. What control device is responsible for reducing the NOx emissions? How does it work?

Explanation / Answer

a) City A has a stricter emission standard rates for grams of nitrous oxides emitted per vehicle mile as compared to City B. City A emits a higher volume of nitrous oxides and also have a much larger number of automobiles as compared to City B. Thus, City A has stricter emission standards.

b) There are many mechanisms to control the emissions of nitrous oxides. They are:

1) Use of sorbents, that uses a chemical and help in absorbing the nitrous oxides.

2) Use of ultra low nitrogen fuel, which eliminates the oxides.

3) Only oxygen is used instead of air to oxidise the fuel.

4) Water/Steam injection, reduces the flame temperature.

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