(a) Why do we need to add \"Leap Days\" to our calendars? Explain the Astronomic
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(a) Why do we need to add "Leap Days" to our calendars? Explain the Astronomical reason why this is necessary, drawing a simple diagram to demonstrate it. (b) What is a Sidereal Day, and what is a solar Day? Explain the difference between them - and why they are different - drawing a simple diagram to demonstrate it. (c) What is a Sidereal Month, and What is a Synodic Month? Explain the difference between them - and why they are different - drawing a simple diagram to demonstrate it. (d) Explain what the Precession of the Earth's axis is, and draw a simple diagram to demonstrate it. Also, give one example of an observational Astronomical effect in the sky because of it. (a) Draw a diagram of the Earth-Moon-Sun system, showing the position of the Moon during each of its 8 major phases (New moon, Waxing crescent, 1st Quarter, etc.) (b) Examining this diagram, approximately what time of day does a 3rd Quarter moon rise? Approximately what time does it set? (c) Consider the long-term effects of Tidal Forces between the Earth & the Moon. Describe (in some detail) one way in which the Tidal Forces exerted by the Moon have permanently and increasingly affected the Earth over time. (d) Now describe (in some detail) one way in which the Tidal Forces exerted by the Earth have permanently affected the Moon over time. (e) Does the Moon rotate about its own axis (relative to the stars)? If so, how long does it take? Give one example of some clever observation, reasoning, and/or calculation that the Ancient Greeks used to correctly determine something about the shapes, sizes, or distances of objects in the Earth-Moon-Sun system. Make sure to include a diagram that demonstrates the method you have chosen to discuss. (a) Draw a sketch of the Geocentric model of the Universe, such as Ptolemy would have understood. On your sketch include the following objects: the Sun, Venus, Earth, the Moon, Jupiter, and the Stars (as the Ancient Greeks believed that they were arranged). Include epicycels where necessary. (b) Next, draw the Heliocentric model of the solar system, such as Kepler would have understood. On this sketch include the sun, Venus, Earth, the Moon, Jupiter, and any one of the Galilean moons. (c) Lastly, explain why including the Galilean Moons in the Geocentric model would have made no sense to Ptolemy (and in fact would have cast doubt on the Geocentric model, had the Ancients knows about them).Explanation / Answer
3)
A- For a common year ,total days are 345 were as in leap year it's 346. One day is added to the end of February just because feb have less number of days. This additional day is formed due to drifting of days in each year. Its actually take 345.24 days each year. So inorder to rectify that one additional day is fixed in calendar in each 4 years.
B- sidereal day means measuring for time taken by earth to complete its rotationwith respect to a distant star.
Solarday means time taken by earth to complete its rotation with respect to sun. This both time will be different. This difference is due to the movement of earth around sun
C-same as above. Since there is difference in days or sidreal and solar, there will be difference in month also. To complete one full rotation of moon around earth with respect sun take more time than with reference to distance star. Just think that with rerence to sun moon also revolve around earth as well as sun. Where as with respect to distant start it revolve around earth only
D earth rotate itself like a top. This motion is known as wobbling of earth. This rotation in axis takes place in vycle of 26000 years. Notable effect is that change in position of stars in sky over years
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