1. What approach(es) has the Affordable Care Act used to increase insurance cove

Question

1. What approach(es) has the Affordable Care Act used to increase insurance coverage? A. Expanding Medicaid eligibility B. Expanding Medicare eligibility C. Providing insurance subsidies to those on health insurance exchanges D. A and C 2. Which aspect of the Affordable Care Act has been repealed? A. The individual mandate B. The CLASS Act, a voluntary long-term care program C. The employer mandate D. Medicare hospital payment reductions based on assumed hospital productivity increases 3. Which of the following criteria is inappropriate for judging alternative national health insurance proposals? A. Equitable redistribution—assisting those with low income to have coverage B. Financing redistribution—providing health insurance benefits to those with low income using a payroll or sales tax C. Efficiency in consumption—whether consumers consider the costs and benefits of their choices (such as health plan choices) D. Efficiency in production—whether the services (for a given level of quality) are produced at the lowest cost 4. How does a single-payer system differ from an employer mandate? A. A single-payer system has one type of delivery system (fee-for-service), while an employer mandate allows a choice of health plans. B. A single-payer system has no cost sharing, while an employer mandate does. C. A single-payer system provides universal coverage, while an employer mandate does not. D. All of the above 5. Is Medicaid an equitably financed program? A. Yes, because the benefits go to low-income groups and the program is funded by income taxes B. Yes, because Medicaid beneficiaries have a choice of providers and pay little or nothing out of pocket C. No, because Medicaid beneficiaries have difficulty accessing physicians because Medicaid physician fees are so low D. B and C 6. Some proponents of a single-payer system in the United States view traditional fee-for-service Medicare (Medicare for All) as such an approach. Are there any drawbacks to expanding eligibility to traditional Medicare for everyone in the United States? A. No, Medicare would be an equitable system, with everyone having equal access to care and free choice of any provider. B. Yes, Medicare fee-for-service is an inefficient system, with a great deal of fraud and abuse. C. Yes, Medicare is currently expected to go bankrupt in the near future, and expanding eligibility to all would hasten that bankruptcy. D. B and C 7. Why do proponents of a universal refundable tax credit to replace the current system of tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance believe it will be more equitable? A. Employees whose employers do not buy health insurance and those who are self-employed are not eligible for tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance. B. A refundable universal tax credit would be equitably financed by using the lost revenue from the tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance. C. Employees in a higher tax bracket benefit more from tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance than those in a lower tax bracket. D. All of the above 8. Would low-income people who do not owe any taxes be at a disadvantage if national health insurance were based on a refundable tax credit? A. Yes, because if a low-income person’s tax liabilities are less than the tax credit, she wouldn’t receive as much of the tax credit as someone whose tax liabilities exceed his tax credit B. Yes, because the refundable tax credit may not be sufficiently large to provide as much access to providers as people now receive under Medicaid C. No, because if a person’s income is too low to pay taxes, the full amount of the tax credit would be used to provide him with a voucher for a managed care plan D. A and B 9. What was the reason for including an individual mandate in the Affordable Care Act? A. To eliminate the “free rider” problem, whereby those who can afford insurance don’t buy it and everyone else has to pay their costs if they become ill B. To expand the insurance pool and lower premiums by having low-risk persons buy insurance to offset those who are high risk, because everyone—even those with a preexisting condition—can buy insurance C. To benefit larger employers that have to buy health insurance for their employees so that they won’t be disadvantaged by independent contractors who are exempt from the employer mandate D. A and B 10. Large differences regarding health policy exist between those on the political left and those on the political right. Which of the following cost-containment approaches would those on the right oppose? A. Markets and price competition B. Individual choice of health plans, including health savings accounts C. Government negotiation with pharmaceutical companies D. Elimination of state mandates 1. What approach(es) has the Affordable Care Act used to increase insurance coverage? A. Expanding Medicaid eligibility B. Expanding Medicare eligibility C. Providing insurance subsidies to those on health insurance exchanges D. A and C 2. Which aspect of the Affordable Care Act has been repealed? A. The individual mandate B. The CLASS Act, a voluntary long-term care program C. The employer mandate D. Medicare hospital payment reductions based on assumed hospital productivity increases 3. Which of the following criteria is inappropriate for judging alternative national health insurance proposals? A. Equitable redistribution—assisting those with low income to have coverage B. Financing redistribution—providing health insurance benefits to those with low income using a payroll or sales tax C. Efficiency in consumption—whether consumers consider the costs and benefits of their choices (such as health plan choices) D. Efficiency in production—whether the services (for a given level of quality) are produced at the lowest cost 4. How does a single-payer system differ from an employer mandate? A. A single-payer system has one type of delivery system (fee-for-service), while an employer mandate allows a choice of health plans. B. A single-payer system has no cost sharing, while an employer mandate does. C. A single-payer system provides universal coverage, while an employer mandate does not. D. All of the above 5. Is Medicaid an equitably financed program? A. Yes, because the benefits go to low-income groups and the program is funded by income taxes B. Yes, because Medicaid beneficiaries have a choice of providers and pay little or nothing out of pocket C. No, because Medicaid beneficiaries have difficulty accessing physicians because Medicaid physician fees are so low D. B and C 6. Some proponents of a single-payer system in the United States view traditional fee-for-service Medicare (Medicare for All) as such an approach. Are there any drawbacks to expanding eligibility to traditional Medicare for everyone in the United States? A. No, Medicare would be an equitable system, with everyone having equal access to care and free choice of any provider. B. Yes, Medicare fee-for-service is an inefficient system, with a great deal of fraud and abuse. C. Yes, Medicare is currently expected to go bankrupt in the near future, and expanding eligibility to all would hasten that bankruptcy. D. B and C 7. Why do proponents of a universal refundable tax credit to replace the current system of tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance believe it will be more equitable? A. Employees whose employers do not buy health insurance and those who are self-employed are not eligible for tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance. B. A refundable universal tax credit would be equitably financed by using the lost revenue from the tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance. C. Employees in a higher tax bracket benefit more from tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance than those in a lower tax bracket. D. All of the above 8. Would low-income people who do not owe any taxes be at a disadvantage if national health insurance were based on a refundable tax credit? A. Yes, because if a low-income person’s tax liabilities are less than the tax credit, she wouldn’t receive as much of the tax credit as someone whose tax liabilities exceed his tax credit B. Yes, because the refundable tax credit may not be sufficiently large to provide as much access to providers as people now receive under Medicaid C. No, because if a person’s income is too low to pay taxes, the full amount of the tax credit would be used to provide him with a voucher for a managed care plan D. A and B 9. What was the reason for including an individual mandate in the Affordable Care Act? A. To eliminate the “free rider” problem, whereby those who can afford insurance don’t buy it and everyone else has to pay their costs if they become ill B. To expand the insurance pool and lower premiums by having low-risk persons buy insurance to offset those who are high risk, because everyone—even those with a preexisting condition—can buy insurance C. To benefit larger employers that have to buy health insurance for their employees so that they won’t be disadvantaged by independent contractors who are exempt from the employer mandate D. A and B 10. Large differences regarding health policy exist between those on the political left and those on the political right. Which of the following cost-containment approaches would those on the right oppose? A. Markets and price competition B. Individual choice of health plans, including health savings accounts C. Government negotiation with pharmaceutical companies D. Elimination of state mandates 1. What approach(es) has the Affordable Care Act used to increase insurance coverage? A. Expanding Medicaid eligibility B. Expanding Medicare eligibility C. Providing insurance subsidies to those on health insurance exchanges D. A and C 2. Which aspect of the Affordable Care Act has been repealed? A. The individual mandate B. The CLASS Act, a voluntary long-term care program C. The employer mandate D. Medicare hospital payment reductions based on assumed hospital productivity increases 3. Which of the following criteria is inappropriate for judging alternative national health insurance proposals? A. Equitable redistribution—assisting those with low income to have coverage B. Financing redistribution—providing health insurance benefits to those with low income using a payroll or sales tax C. Efficiency in consumption—whether consumers consider the costs and benefits of their choices (such as health plan choices) D. Efficiency in production—whether the services (for a given level of quality) are produced at the lowest cost 4. How does a single-payer system differ from an employer mandate? A. A single-payer system has one type of delivery system (fee-for-service), while an employer mandate allows a choice of health plans. B. A single-payer system has no cost sharing, while an employer mandate does. C. A single-payer system provides universal coverage, while an employer mandate does not. D. All of the above 5. Is Medicaid an equitably financed program? A. Yes, because the benefits go to low-income groups and the program is funded by income taxes B. Yes, because Medicaid beneficiaries have a choice of providers and pay little or nothing out of pocket C. No, because Medicaid beneficiaries have difficulty accessing physicians because Medicaid physician fees are so low D. B and C 6. Some proponents of a single-payer system in the United States view traditional fee-for-service Medicare (Medicare for All) as such an approach. Are there any drawbacks to expanding eligibility to traditional Medicare for everyone in the United States? A. No, Medicare would be an equitable system, with everyone having equal access to care and free choice of any provider. B. Yes, Medicare fee-for-service is an inefficient system, with a great deal of fraud and abuse. C. Yes, Medicare is currently expected to go bankrupt in the near future, and expanding eligibility to all would hasten that bankruptcy. D. B and C 7. Why do proponents of a universal refundable tax credit to replace the current system of tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance believe it will be more equitable? A. Employees whose employers do not buy health insurance and those who are self-employed are not eligible for tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance. B. A refundable universal tax credit would be equitably financed by using the lost revenue from the tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance. C. Employees in a higher tax bracket benefit more from tax-exempt employer-paid health insurance than those in a lower tax bracket. D. All of the above 8. Would low-income people who do not owe any taxes be at a disadvantage if national health insurance were based on a refundable tax credit? A. Yes, because if a low-income person’s tax liabilities are less than the tax credit, she wouldn’t receive as much of the tax credit as someone whose tax liabilities exceed his tax credit B. Yes, because the refundable tax credit may not be sufficiently large to provide as much access to providers as people now receive under Medicaid C. No, because if a person’s income is too low to pay taxes, the full amount of the tax credit would be used to provide him with a voucher for a managed care plan D. A and B 9. What was the reason for including an individual mandate in the Affordable Care Act? A. To eliminate the “free rider” problem, whereby those who can afford insurance don’t buy it and everyone else has to pay their costs if they become ill B. To expand the insurance pool and lower premiums by having low-risk persons buy insurance to offset those who are high risk, because everyone—even those with a preexisting condition—can buy insurance C. To benefit larger employers that have to buy health insurance for their employees so that they won’t be disadvantaged by independent contractors who are exempt from the employer mandate D. A and B 10. Large differences regarding health policy exist between those on the political left and those on the political right. Which of the following cost-containment approaches would those on the right oppose? A. Markets and price competition B. Individual choice of health plans, including health savings accounts C. Government negotiation with pharmaceutical companies D. Elimination of state mandates

Explanation / Answer

1. A. Expanding Medicaid eligibility

Explanation: The Affordable Care Act expands insurance coverage in the USA by expands its reach to cover the poorest of Americans through expansion of Medicaid eligibility.

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