_____ are accreting masses of gases, liquids, and solids which eventually become
ID: 111977 • Letter: #
Question
_____ are accreting masses of gases, liquids, and solids which eventually become true planets? Among earth's natural resources, _______ and ________ are used in your home or were used to construct your home. With regard to Earth's interior, the is ______ ______ solid, the ______ ______ is liquid The lithosphere is comprised of the ______ and the upper part of the ______. The three types of tectonic plate boundaries are ______, ________, and ______. Subduction is associated with _______ plate boundaries The discovery of _______, near the turn of the century, led to the development of techniques for determining absolute ages of rocks in years. The basic premise of the principle of _____ is that present-day processes have operated throughout geologic time. How is the rock cycle related to plate tectonics? Select two of Earth's subsystems and describe how they interact with each other. Using one of the theories presented in the chapter, describe the observations that geologists used to support the theory. Is plate tectonics a fact or a theory? Explain.Explanation / Answer
18. Nebula are the accretionary masses of solids liquids and gases which eventually becom true planets.
19. Cement derived from limestones and metals extracted from ores are two of the many natural resources used to construct our homes.
20. With respect to the Earth's interior, the inner core is solid and the outer core is liquid.
21. The lithosphere is comprised of the crust and the upper part of the mantle.
22. The three types of plate boundaries are convergent, divergent and transform.
23.The discovery of radiocarbon dating ,near the turn of the century, led to the development of techniques determining absolute age of the rocks in years.
24. The basic premise of the principle of uniformitarianism is that present day processes have operated through the past time.
25, The rock cycle is related to plate tectonics.
Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma or lava. At diverging plate boundaries, convection currents bring hot magma to the surface. This hot magma flows out onto the ocean floor, forming extrusive, finely grained igneous rocks. At convergent plate boundaries, sedimentary rock from the ocean floor gets pushed down into the mantle. The crust increases in temperature as it dives deeper into the mantle. Eventually, the crust melts and rises to the surface causing a volcanic eruption, creating igneous rocks. Sometimes, magma that gets pushed up at plate boundaries cools before it gets there. It fills in cracks and voids in the bedrock . When it cools, it creates igneous rock formations, such as dikes and batholiths.
Metamorphic rocks form when rocks change after undergoing extreme pressure or temperature increase. These temperature changes must be hot enough to reorganize matter within the rock but not hot enough to melt it. Hot magma pushes itself to the surface at both divergent plate boundaries and convergent plate boundaries. This magma comes in contact with rocks as it rises to the surface. The magma is hot, heating the rocks around it. As the rocks heat, they change and become metamorphic rocks. This process is called contact metamorphism. Regional metamorphism occurs at convergent plate boundaries, due to intense pressure. As two plates collide, the Earth's crust folds and faults. The intense pressure changes large areas of the Earth's crust into metamorphic rock. Mountain ranges are typically metamorphic rock, due to plate tectonic processes.
26. The geosphere has four subsystems namely, the lithosphers. hydrosphere, cryosphere and atmosphere.
The usual interactions between the Hydrosphere and Atmosphere mainly consists the Global Water Cycle. In the Water Cycle, due to the heat from the sun, water on the earth’s surface and in the soil evaporates. When the water vapour is created, it travels higher into the atmosphere until it reaches a point called the Cold Trap. This point is substantially colder than the air below it. The water vapour then turns into water droplets as it cools down, and then they connect to form clouds. This process is called condensation. The water eventually falls in the form of precipitation which is usually rain. The water flows into rivers, streams, and fall directly into the ocean, where the cycle can restart.
27. Kindly mntion the theories which are presented in the chapter.
28. Plate tectonics is the theory that the outer rigid layer of the eartn is divided into a couple of plates, that move around the earth's surface relative to each other, like slabs of ice on a lake. This is considered to be a theory because its scientifically proved by Alfred Wegner.Plate tectonics works hand in hand with several other striking concepts and discoveries, including continental drift and the many changes in Earth's magnetic field that have taken place over its history. some evidences of the theory are:
One of the first pieces of geophysical evidence that was used to support the movement of lithospheric plates came from paleomagnetism. This is based on the fact that rocks of different ages show a variable magnetic field direction, evidenced by studies since the mid–nineteenth century. The magnetic north and south poles reverse through time, and, especially important in paleotectonic studies, the relative position of the magnetic north pole varies through time.
The second piece of evidence in support of continental drift came during the late 1950s and early 60s from data on the bathymetry of the deep ocean floors and the nature of the oceanic crust such as magnetic properties, which gave evidence for the association of seafloor spreading along the mid oceanic ridge and magnetic reversals.
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