Who is Beatriz Manz? Where did she do her most famous fieldwork? Why is she impo
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Who is Beatriz Manz? Where did she do her most famous fieldwork? Why is she important to the field of anthropology? Explain the major anthropological methods used in anthropological research in Guatemala in the 1980's until today. Who is Victor Montejo? Where did he do his most famous fieldwork? Why is he important to the field of anthropology? Using class materials explain the "Rigoberta Menchu Controversy." Who is Mama Maquinn? Why is this relevant in gender analysis? What is a Ladino? Why was this concept invented? Why is this relevant for understanding the controversy of Rigoberta Menchu?Explanation / Answer
Q – Who is Beatriz Manz? Where did she do her most famous fieldwork? Why is she important to field of anthropology?
ANS - Beatriz Manz, professor emeritus of geography and ethnic studies at UC Berkeley, is the author of Refugees of a Hidden War: the Aftermath of Counterinsurgency in Guatemala; Paradise in Ashes: A Guatemalan Journey of Courage, Terror, and Hope; and Born in the USA: the Identities of American-Born Latinos. The focus of her research has been contemporary Mayan communities in Guatemala. Refugees of a Hidden War examined the displacement and human-rights abuses committed by the military against indigenous rural communities. Paradise in Ashes details the experiences of a village deep in the northern rainforest of Guatemala next to Mexico's Chiapas Lacandón region. Manz was born in rural southern Chile. Her training in anthropology and her Latin American roots have shaped her academic framework and her research interest in rural communities.
Q – Explain the major anthropological methods used in anthropological research in Gutemala in 1980’s until today.
ANS - The violence in Guatemala's 36-year insurgency peaked between 1980 and 1983, under the military governments of General Fernando Romeo Lucas García and General José Efraín Ríos Montt. Both regimes led scorched-earth campaigns in the Guatemalan countryside and "disappeared" urban intellectuals who opposed the government. Peccerelli hopes the work will lead to criminal prosecutions of the soldiers and police who committed the murders as well as the leaders who ordered them to be carried out. Amnesty's Elgueta says that the "intellectual architects" of the most violent campaigns have thus far eluded prosecution. Peccerelli hopes the new lab will renew interest in the conflict within Guatemala, by allowing the foundation's scientists to focus on a new class of victims.
Q – Who is Victor Montejo? Where did he do his most famous fieldwork? Why is he important to field of anthropology?
ANS - Victor Montejo is a Jakaltek Maya originally from Guatemala. He received hia Ph.D. in Anthropology in 1993 from the University of Connecticut, USA. Victor Montejo is currently a Professor of Native American Studies at the University of California, Davis. Victor Montejo is a national and international recognized author and his major publications includes: Testimony: Death of a Guatemalan Village, etc. Current projects: Indigenous community development, rural development, sustainable development, cultural/economic/political self-determination, cultural resource management, poverty alleviation strategies. Vicror Montejo has been a columnist for a national newspaper in Guatemala and obtained First Honorable Mention for Best Column in Native Americas, Cornell University. As a Congressman he created passed the law of the National Day of Indigenous People of Guatemala, and proposed the Law Initiative: Ley de Consulta a Pueblos Indigenas.
Q – Using class materials explain the “Rigoberta Menchu Controversy” Who is Mama Maquinn? Why is this relevant in gender analysis?
ANS - Rigoberta Menchú Tum received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 and the Prince of Asturias Award in 1998. She is the subject of the testimonial biography I, Rigoberta Menchú and the author of the autobiographical work, Crossing Borders. Menchú is a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. Guatemalan refugee women established their own organization, Mama Maquin. "One day we realized we were an important part of our people and we concluded that only by organizing ourselves would we be listened to and respected," said Reina Montejo, a Mama Maquin member. With the help of Mama Maquin, UNHCR was able to cover all refugee camps no matter what language the women spoke. The first public activity of Mama Maquin was to carry out a survey of women's needs in Chiapas. Almost 900 women of different ages and origin were interviewed in 60 camps to determine their main problems and to decide priorities. After generations of living on the fringes, Guatemalan women are finally standing up for their rights. And in the forefront are refugee women who benefitted from UNHCR-sponsored education and training programs covering all aspects of human and gender rights. Gender violence per se is not a new phenomenon. What has changed is the willingness of women to report such cases. So far, most of the projects implemented by the refugees and funded by UNHCR are aimed at providing the most basic and urgent needs, and do not address the more fundamental obstacles that prevent women from taking a more active role in the development process.
Q – What is Landino? Why was this concept invented? Why is this relevant for understanding the controversy of Rigoberta Menchu?
ANS - In the 1990s, a Ladino is considered by both Maya and Ladinos themselves to be a mixed race and part of the minority which has dominated the majority indigenous population in the economic, political, and social spheres. To be a Ladino means better access to health and education, jobs, the media, representation in the political system, as well as a higher standard of living. Despite the diversity of Guatemalan culture, Ladino culture is what is taught to children in schools and predominates n the media. Details of Landini's life are sketchy and few facts can be established with certainty, but the general outline has begun to take shape as more research has been done, especially into Florentine records. Offers diverse perspectives on recent debates over the accuracy and cultural significance of I, Rigoberta Menchú. Arias collects the primary documents-newspaper articles, interviews, and official statements-in which the debate raged, many translated into English for the first time. A distinguished group of scholars then assesses the debate and considers its implications for such issues as the “culture wars,” historical truth, and the politics of memory.
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