1.. Critically evaluate each of these statements: a. \"The relative decline of t
ID: 1095597 • Letter: 1
Question
1.. Critically evaluate each of these statements:
a. "The relative decline of the American Labor movement can be explained by the shift from good-producing to service-providing industries and by the closely related shifts from blue- to white-collar occupations and from male to female employees."
b. "The success of unions in raising their wages relative to nonunion workers has contributed to the decline of unionism."
c. " Unionized firms have tended to become less profitable and, therefore, employers are more resistant to unionization."
2. Comment on each of the following statements:
a. "Unions tie the hands of management and inhibit efficient decision making."
b. "Unions contribute to economic efficiency in that union wage pressure hastens the weeding out of the high-cost, least efficient producers in each industry."
c. "Although unions may reduce wage inequality, to the extent that they reduce wage differentials based on individual merit and effort, the outcome may be rightly perceived as both inequitable and inefficient."
d. "Unions impair the efficiency of our economy indirectly by diminishing profits and thereby reducing investment and economic expansion."
3. Speculate about the reason(s) for each of the following facts about public sector pay:
a. The pay premium received by federal employees declined in the middle and late 1980s.
b. Local governments tend to pay less skilled workers more, and more skilled workers less, than comparably trained and experienced private sector workers.
c. Female and African-American workers in government receive higher pay on average than their equally qualified counterparts in the private sector.
4. Evaluate this statement: "Profit-maximizing firms lack an incentive to provide job safety, and consequently, the federal govenment must intervene legislatively to protect workers against the unsafe working conditions that will surely result."
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Explanation / Answer
why unions ??
Workers prior to industrial revolution were self-employed (i.e., worked for themselves).
Industrialization separated the functions of management and labor.
Workers became dependent on owners for employment and income.
Workers formed unions to protect their interests and bargain collectively with employers..
Causes of Decline
in Unionism
Structural changes
The structural-change hypothesis is the labor force and economy has changed in ways that are unfavorable to unions.
Employment growth has been greater in traditionally nonunion sectors such white-collar jobs, services, women, small firms, part-time, and Southern states.
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