can someone please explain #114 why is the lowest oxidation number of nitrogen-3

Question

can someone please explain #114 why is the lowest oxidation number of nitrogen-3 I don't get why ? And #118 down at the bottom I don't understand the logic of how to arrive at that correct answer thanks

114. Which is the lowest oxidation namber of uitrogen? A. +2 B. +1 115. Carbon monoxide is: blood poison & inert gas B product of metabolism dry ice 116. Which of the following compounds is chiral (opticaly active)? E. citrate HC-CH S-CH C. H D. H 53,33 118. A n. What is the true formula of the compound? CH204 HO3

Explanation / Answer

114.

N (Z=7) Electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p3

So, the number of valence electrons in nitrogen = 5

To get stable oble gas electronic configuration it requires 3 more electrons ( i.e. octet electronic configuration).

Hence by gaining 3 electrons it attains - 3 oxidation state.

118.

element Mass number of moles division by small number nearest whole number

C 40.0 40.0 / 12 = 3.33 3.33 / 3.33 = 1 1

H 6.67 6.67 / 1 = 6.67 6.67 / 3.33 = 2 2

O 53.33 53.33 / 16 = 3.33 3.33 / 3.33 = 1 1

Therefore,

Emperical formula = CH2O

Emperical formula mass = 12 + 2 + 16 = 30

Molecular mass = 90

n = Molecular mass / emperical formula mass = 90 / 30 = 3

Molecular formula = [emperical formula]n = (CH2O)3 = C3H6O3

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