9.1- What is interference and what role does it play in the formation of memorie
ID: 107147 • Letter: 9
Question
9.1- What is interference and what role does it play in the formation of memories? Discuss examples of memory loss due to interference.
9.2- Psychologists have found that human memory involves three processes: encoding information into memory, storing information in memory, and retrieving information from memory. Psychologists have also identified specific strategies to help people encode, store, and retrieve information. How can this research help you study for this class more efficiently? What strategies could help you encode and store information in your memory as you study? What strategies could help you retrieve this information when you take a test?
In a multi-paragraph essay, describe how you could use specific memory strategies to improve your study skills. Be sure to explain how each strategy will improve how you encode, store, or retrieve information in memory. Include details from class materials, readings, and research on memory to support your discussion.
Explanation / Answer
9-1:Interference theory is theory regarding human memory. Interference occurs in learning when there is an interaction between the new material and transfer effects of past learned behavior, memories or thoughts that have a negative influence in comprehending the new material. Bringing to memory old knowledge has the effect of impairing both the speed of learning and memory performance. There are two main kinds of interference:
interference plays a role in forgetting, but how much foregetting can be attributed to interference remains unclear.
Proactive interference is the "forgetting [of information] due to interference from the traces of events or learning that occurred prior to the materials to be remembered."Proactive interference occurs when, in any given context, past memories inhibit an individual’s full potential to retain new memories. It has been hypothesized that forgetting working memories would be non-existent if not for proactive interference.
Retroactive interference (RI) is a phenomenon that occurs when newly learned information interferes with and impedes the recall of previously learned information. RI is a result of decreased recall of the primary studied functions due to the learning and recall of succeeding functions.
9-2Encoding refers to the initial experience of perceiving and learning information. Psychologists often study recall by having participants study a list of pictures or words. Encoding in these situations is fairly straightforward.
storage
Every experience we have changes our brains. That may seem like a bold, even strange, claim at first, but it’s true. We encode each of our experiences within the structures of the nervous system, making new impressions in the process and each of those impressions involves changes in the brain. Psychologists (and neurobiologists) say that experiences leave memory traces, or engrams .
Endel Tulving argued that “the key process in memory is retrieval” . Why should retrieval be given more prominence than encoding or storage, For one thing, if information were encoded and stored but could not be retrieved, it would be useless.
This research help us study for this class more efficiently because it encodes,stores and retrives the memory.
note-taking strategies could help you encode and store information in your memory as you study.
.. Mnemonics strategies can help capture information for later retrieval this information when you take a test.
Memory is essentially the capacity for storing and retrieving information
Processing information into memory is called encoding. People automatically encode some types of information without being aware of it. For example, most people probably can recall where they ate lunch yesterday, even though they didn’t try to remember this information.
this is three types:
After information enters the brain, it has to be stored or maintained. To describe the process of storage, many psychologists use the three-stage model proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin. According to this model, information is stored sequentially in three memory systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
Sensory memory stores incoming sensory information in detail but only for an instant.
Some of the information in sensory memory transfers to short-term memory, which can hold information for approximately twenty seconds.
. Rehearsing can help keep information in short-term memory longer.Long-term memory has an almost infinite capacity, and information in long-term memory usually stays there for the duration of a person’s life.
Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory. Retrieval cues are stimuli that help the process of retrieval. Retrieval cues Retrieval cues are stimuli that help the process of retrieval. Retrieval cues include associations, context, and mood.
Because the brain stores information as networks of associated concepts, recalling a particular word becomes easier if another, related word is recalled first. This process is called priming.
People can often remember an event by placing themselves in the same context they were in when the event happened.
If people are in the same mood they were in during an event, they may have an easier time recalling the event.
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