Krebs Cycle 15. Consider the following questions about the Krebs Cycle (attached

ID: 1069422 • Letter: K

Question

Krebs Cycle 15. Consider the following questions about the Krebs Cycle (attached at end of exam) a) in which steps are reduced coenzymes produced? What are they and how many are produced? b) How many ATP equivalent of energy is generated by each cycle of the Krebs cycle? c) How many of the molecules in the citric acid cycle are chiral (don't consider coenzyme A when counting)? d) How many carbons are consumed by each cycle of the Krebs cycle? e) Most amino acids do not produce acetyl SCoA as a product of their catabolism, yet we can still digest amino acids for energy. How do amino acids enter the Krebs cycle?

Explanation / Answer

In which steps reduced coenzyme produced what are they and how many produced

four reduced coenzyme molecules

Steps 3 and 4.

a. -ketoglutarate,

b .succinyl CoA

te is oxidized, delivering a five-carbon atom, -ketoglutarate, together with a particle of CO2 and two electrons, which decrease NAD+ to NADH. This progression is additionally directed by negative input from ATP and NADH and by a beneficial outcome of ADP. Steps three and four are both oxidation and decarboxylation steps, which discharge electrons that lessen NAD+ to NADH and discharge carboxyl gatherings that shape CO2 atoms. -Ketoglutarate is the result of step three, and a succinyl gathering is the result of step four. CoA ties the succinyl gathering to frame succinyl CoA. The compound that catalyzes step four is managed by criticism restraint of ATP, succinyl CoA, and NADH.

step 7

Succinate dehydrogenase

It utilizes FAD as a prosthetic gathering (FADFADH2 in the initial step of the response) in the enzyme,]

produces what might as well be called 1.5 ATP

step 8

fumarase

dehydrationt process that believers succinate into fumarate. Two hydrogen iotas are exchanged to FAD, delivering FADH2. The vitality contained in the electrons of these molecules is inadequate to decrease NAD+ however sufficient to lessen FAD. Not at all like NADH, this transporter stays appended to the catalyst and exchanges the electrons to the electron transport chain specifically. This procedure is made conceivable by the confinement of the protein catalyzing this progression inside the inward layer of the mitochondrion.

Starting with acetyl CoA,

how many ATP are made using the citric acid cycle?

electron transport chain

ATP Summary

Step

ATP produced

Step 4 (NAD+ to E.T.C.)

Step 8 (FAD to E.T.C.)

NET

12 ATP