Purpose and setup of a reflux. Purpose and technique of an extraction. Purpose a
ID: 1067347 • Letter: P
Question
Purpose and setup of a reflux. Purpose and technique of an extraction. Purpose and technique of a wash. Principles upon which extraction works (i.e. necessary physical properties of the solute and solvent system). How to improve efficiency of extractions. Purpose of a water drop test. Recognize an emulsion. What drying agents are and how they are used. Define capacity, completeness, and rate. Principles upon which recrystallization works. Name and state purpose for each step of a macro-scale recrystallization. Suggest an appropriate solvent for recrystallization given solubility information.Explanation / Answer
A. The reflux is used to improve the efficiency of separation of the process. It is done by allowing condensation of the vapours and letting the come in contact with the vapours again in counter current flow. The vapours would be moving upwards while the condensed liquid downwards. During this contact the low Boling component again vapourizes.
B. Extraction is used when we require a solute to be separated from a mixture. Here the solute is of importance and a suitable solvent is used in which the solute dissolves. On the other hand wash is used when our aim is to remove certain impurities from a material by making the impurity dissolve in the solvent.
C. For extraction to work the solute should be soluble in the solvent. The solvent should be easily separated from the solute by virtue of its higher volatility.
D. For improving extraction, we can use solvents which have high solubility for the solute in question. Higher temperatures are always helpful in increasing solubility.
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