Which four aesthetic principles were advanced by the Greek Classical style? To w

Question

Which four aesthetic principles were advanced by the Greek Classical style? To which three 'ideals' did these principles relate Greek Classicism can be divided into a Pre-Hellenic. a Hellenic and a Hellenistic phase. a Identify the time period of each phase b How did this Greek classical style survive and continue in history? The Parthenon the famous temple of the goddess Athena on the acropolis of Athens is an outstanding architectural landmark of Creek Classicism. a. Explain why the Parthenon is such an outstanding example of the Greek classical style b. When three functions had this temple? What is the historical importance of the excavations of Heinrich Schliemann respectively Arthur Evans at the end of the 19^th century and in the early 20^th century? Give a short description interpretation or explanation of: a The Palace of Minot at Knossos b The bull-leaping fresco C. The statuette of a bare-breasted female d. Linear A e. Linear B f. The Minotaur Mention some architectural achievements of the Mycenaean civilization (1600-1200 BCE). Who kept the memory of the Mycenaeans, their kings, heroes and adventures, alive after the disappearance of the Mycenean civilization? The lead and the Odyssey are dealing with events from a time some 5 centuries earlier than when these poems were written down. True/False. Greek religion is polytheistic and anthropomorphic True/False What is the Theogony, the earliest Greek epic poetry after the Iliad and Odyssey, about? Who wrote it? Although the Greek point (citizen-states) were politically. economically and militarily independent, they usually had harmonious relationships. True/False

Explanation / Answer

(1) Greek architecture is important for several reasons: (a) Because of its logic and order. Logic and order are at the heart of Greek architecture. (b) Because of its invention of the classical orders namely, the Doric order, the Ionic order and the Corinthian Order - according to the type of column, capital and entablature used. (c) Because of its exquisite architectural sculpture. (d) Because of its influence on other schools. Although Greek architects rarely progressed further than simple post and lintel building techniques, and failed to match the engineering techniques developed in Roman architecture. They succeeded in creating the most beautiful, monumental structures of the Ancient World. Their formulas devised as far back as 550 BCE - paved the way for Renaissance and Neoclassical architecture, and had the greatest possible influence on the proportions, style and aesthetics of the 18th and 19th centuries. Modern architects, too, have been influenced by Greek architectural forms. The origins of Greek architectural design are not to be found in the various strands of Aegean art that appeared in the eastern Mediterranean, notably Minoan or Mycenean art, but in the Oriental cultures that poured their influences into the Greek settlements along the shore of Asia Minor and from there to Hellas itself.

(2) The term classical Greece refers to the period between the Persian Wars at the beginning of the fifth century B.C. and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. The classical period was an era of war and conflict first between the Greeks and the Persians, then between the Athenians and the Spartans but it was also an era of unprecedented political and cultural achievement. Hellenic (Greek) refers to the people who lived in classical Greece before Alexander the Great's death. Greeks (Hellenic) were isolated and their civilization was termed classic because it was not heavily influenced by outside forces. Hellenistic (Greek-like) refers to Greeks and others who lived during the period after Alexander's conquests. They differ from Hellenic in territory (geographic influences), culture (philosophy and religion), and political systems (changed from a democracy to many small monarchies and ultimately to be controlled by Rome). Initially, around 750-500BC, during the archaic period, the predominant sculpture was the kuoros. It depicted a male with simplified anatomy and a monumental attitude, baring an archain (slight) smile, almond-shaped eyes and detailed hair. Based on formulaic Egyptian statues, kuoros becameme more flexible. This resulted in the classical period where anatomy became more detailed. The artist overcame limitations of his medium by making cold hard marble look soft supple and warm. The period from 500-323 B.C. is the Classical or Hellenic age of Greek civilization. Cultures once foreign to the Hellenic world now became more Greek-like they were Hellenized. One of the most important developments in association with this process of Hellenization, was the shift from the world of the polis to the new world of the cosmopolis. Hellenic studies focuses on the study of the Ancient Greeks. Hellenistic studies focus on the study of the Ancient Greeks between 323 BCE and 146 BCE. The difference between the Hellenic period and Classical Greece lies in the date of 323 BCE when Alexander the Great died.

(3)  Parthenon, temple that dominates the hill of the Acropolis at Athens. It was built in the mid-5th century BCE and dedicated to the Greek Athena Parthenos. The place is generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order, the simplest of the three Classical Greek architectural orders. The magnificent scupture on the Acropolis of Athens, known as the Parthenon, was built between 447 and 432 BCE in the Age of Pericles, and it was dedicated to the city’s patron deity Athena. The Parthenon serenely fulfilled its function as the activity centre of Athens for over a thousand years. This was more usual for a treasury building and perhaps reflects the Parthenon’s double function as a religious temple and a treasury.

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