What is the purpose of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid used in the acetylation

Question

What is the purpose of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid used in the acetylation reaction? Use equations to explain this purpose. The procedure calls for cautious addition of water to the reaction mixture while it is still hot. What purpose does the addition of water serve and why should the addition be done while the reaction mixture is hot? Provide an equation for the reaction involved. Using the quantities of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride noted in the macroscale procedure and any other necessary data, calculate theoretical yield in moles and grams of aspirin. Describe how and why the ferric-chloride test can be used detect whether your reaction has gone to completion.

Explanation / Answer

Q1.

To aid in the catalyss of the reaction with H+ protons, ni acidic media

H2SO4 --> 2H+ + SO4-2

and

H3PO4 --> 3H+ +PO4-3

Q2

water will lower temperature of reactants. It also provides crystallization

C9H8O4(aq) - Heat --> C9H8O4(s)

Q3

reqruies experimental data, but molar ratio is:

1 mol of S.Acid + 1 mol of Acetic Anhydride --> 1 mol of aspirin + 1mol of acetic acid

Q4

FeCl3 --> detects phenols

phenol is present only in the aspirin product molecule, so a possitive test confirms aspirin poroduciton

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