Sulfuric and phosphoric acid are catalysts for the reaction mechanism shown in p
ID: 1052161 • Letter: S
Question
Sulfuric and phosphoric acid are catalysts for the reaction mechanism shown in problem 1. Explain why a mixture of phosphoric and sulfuric acid is used instead of just using sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid alone. Explain the purpose of the first and second distillations for this experiment. In this experiment, saturated sodium chloride solution is used to transfer the crude product after the first distillation. What is saturated sodium chloride? Why is it used instead of just pure water? Name the functional group that characterizes 4 methylcyclohexane on an 1R spectra Identify the wavenumber(s). shape, and intensity(is) of this functional group. Name the impurity that would be present if the first distillation was performed too rapidly. What is the corresponding functional group that would show up on the IR spectrum? Identify the wavenumber, shape, and intensity of this functional group.Explanation / Answer
Pavia experiment for the synthesis of 4-methylcyclohexene by dehydration reaction
5. A mixture of H3PO4 and H2SO4 is employed in the reaction. H3PO4 is the catalyst for the reaction and H2SO4 acts as the dehydrating agent in the reaction.
6. the first distillation separated the aqueous phase from the organic phase. In the second distillation after the neutralization of any excess acid present, the products are separated.
7. Saturated sodium chloride is water which has exceeded the solubility limit for NaCl in it. Saturated NaCl works to remove trace amount of water from the organic phase and hence it is used insetad of water.
8. Alkene C=C group is identified by IR. the alkene sp2 =C-H stretching appears at 3000-3100 cm-1 and C=C stretching appears at 1620-1680 cm-1.
9. The final distillation separated the unreacted starting alcohol which would show a broad peak at 3400 cm-1 in the IR In case distillation is performed too rapidly.
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