Acid rain (more generally known as acid precipitation) is an environmental probl

Question

Acid rain (more generally known as acid precipitation) is an environmental problem we face today that comes from the reaction of SO_x and NO_x compounds in the environment with moisture, yielding acids such as HNO_3 and H_2SO_4. The SO_x and NO_x comes primarily from human activities, namely, the burning of sulfur-containing coal and operation of motor vehicles, as well as various natural sources such as lightning and volcanic activity. The production of these acids leads to environmental damage from acidification of bodies of water, which hurts forests and other vegetation, insects, and numerous forms of aquatic life. We also observe damage to marble features on buildings and statuary. Based on the chemistry you observed in this lab, write the two chemical reactions for the reaction of these two acids with marble:

Explanation / Answer

Marble is made of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, which is also what limestone is made from. The only difference between limestone and marble is the crystalline structure. Limestone crystals are much smaller than that of marble, and limestone is much more porous.

Marble and limestone are common building materials due to their durability. However, since the onset of acid rain, these materials are at risk from erosion. Acid rain contains sulfuric acid, which reacts with calcium carbonate to create aqueous ions. It happens on the surface of the marble or limestone and the fine details on the facade of the structures made with them, are being lost.

Chemical Reactions:

CaCO3 + 2HNO3 --> Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O

CaCO3 + H2SO4 --> CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O

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