A reflux which has a water cooled condenser open on the top to the atmosphere. W

Question

A reflux which has a water cooled condenser open on the top to the atmosphere. Why would it be a bad idea to stopper or cap the apparatus? Explain what would happen if the apparatus was capped. On page 410 in your Brown & Foote textbook, the following reaction is shown. Explain how the minor product can form in this reaction and what does it tell us about the mechanism by which the reaction proceeded. Is there any basis in reality to the books claim regarding this reaction? Perform a literature search to see if indeed any chemist reported such results. If you do find such a paper, give the full citation of the paper.

Explanation / Answer

Experiment for conversion of alcohol to alkyl halide

3. The appparatus must never be capped or closed as HBr formed would leave during the experiment. If the system is closed a pressure would develop and it may lead to explosion.

4. for the given reaction,

a. the minor product is formed by rearrangement of the initial formed carbocation from C-3 to C-2 posiiton.

This tells us that the reaction follows the SN1 pathway and has an carbocation intermediate formed in the reaction.

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