1. Why is mononucleosis considered \"mostly\" a viral disease? How is the diseas

Question

1. Why is mononucleosis considered "mostly" a viral disease? How is the disease acquired, diagnosed, and treated? 2. What is aseptic meningitis? What can cause this disorder? Differentiate between bacterial and aseptic meningitis using the following criteria: Causative Agents, Typical onset and course of infection, Diagnosis 1. Why is mononucleosis considered "mostly" a viral disease? How is the disease acquired, diagnosed, and treated? 2. What is aseptic meningitis? What can cause this disorder? Differentiate between bacterial and aseptic meningitis using the following criteria: Causative Agents, Typical onset and course of infection, Diagnosis

Explanation / Answer

Mononucleosis is considered a viral disease as it causes symptoms like flu. As flu is mainly caused by viruses, mononucleosis is mostly treated as a viral disease. Causative organism: EBV-Epstein Barr virus. Spread: The virus is spread through saliva. Hence, it is called a kissing virus. Diagnosis: This can be done by taking lymphocyte count in which 10% atypical lymphocytes should be seen. The symptoms of fever, pharyngitis and adenopathy should also be present. Serological tests should be done to confirm the disease. Treatment: Self-care is enough as the disease is self-limiting. Drugs like NSAIDs can be used to reduce fever and pain. Antiviral drugs can be used. ------------------------------------------------------------ Aseptic meningitis is the condition where the meninges or layers of the brain are inflammed but not due to bacterial infection. Viral infections can cause this disorder. It can also be caused by autoimmune disease. ---------------------------------------------------------- Causative agents: Bacterial meningitis is caused by bacteria aseptic meningitis can be caused by viruses or antibodies in autoimmune diseases ---------------------------------------------------------- Typical onset and course of infection: Aseptic meningitis: Prior viral infections or exposure to mosquitoes or ticks. Onset of symptoms is less than 24 hours[acute] or between 1-7 days[subacute]. the symptoms include inflammation of meninges with headache and fever. Mononuclear pleocytosis is also present. Bacterial meningitis: Three stages are seen. *bacteria multiply in nasal passages and throat *Invade the blood stream *Multiplication in the meninges *Inflammation of meninges with pus exudates deafness is seen along with inflammation of the meninges. The ear canal and membranes are replaced by fibrous tissue. --------------------------------------- Diagnosis: Bacterial meningitis: detecting bacteria in CSF, anatomy of meninges, stiff neck, skin rash, deafness Aseptic meningitis: Headache, stiffness of back and neck, fever, malaise, nausea.

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