4. Solubility Rules and Precipitation Reactions. Imagine you have a solution con

Question

4. Solubility Rules and Precipitation Reactions. Imagine you have a solution containing a mixture of Mg2. (aq), ???. (aq), Ag. (aa) and Nor (aq) dissolved in the solution. You have available to you five different solutions containing the ions shown a. Solution 1. Na" (aq) and Cr (aq) Solution 2. Na (aq) and OH (aq) Solution 3. Na' (aq) and SO (aq) Solution 4. Na' (aq) and Po (aq) Solution 5. Na (aq) and NOs (aq) e solutions could you use to remove the Ba as an insoluble solid, but leave the Mg and the Ag' dissolved in solution? i. Which of the five solutions could you use to remove the Mg" and the Ag' as insoluble solids, but leave the Ba2 dissolved in solution? Phosphoric acid, H,PO is added to aluminum sulfate, Al(SOab in water. The products are sulfuric acid, H2SO4, and aluminum phosphate, AlPO. Write and balance this reaction, and use the table of solubility below to determine the physical states of all of the reactants and products. b. Solubility of Selected Combinations of Cations and Anions. ydroxide carbonate phosphate nitrate chloride bromide iodidesulfate h POA OH H20 NO3 cr SOA aq aq Na aq NH4 solid .aq solid solid solidsolid Ca salid solid solid solid solid solid solid aq Fe Fe Co Ni Cu solid solid aqsolid so aq aq solid solid solid solid solid aq aq solid Cd solid solid solid olid solid solid solid Mn2 solid when H is the cation for these anions, the compound is called an acid the solubility of the alkaline earth metals with hydroxide increases down the column. Sr2* is sometime considered to be a soluble hydroxide and sometimes an insoluble hydroxide, depending on the source.

Explanation / Answer

[a] (i) For Ba2+ the answer is Solution 3. Na+ (aq) and SO42- (aq)

From table, Ba2+ can be precipitated by SO42- (aq), CO32- (aq), and PO43- (aq).

But, when one uses CO32- (aq) or PO43- (aq) solution, Ag+ and Mg2+ will also get precipitated. Thus, the answer will be the solution which has SO42- (aq) i.e., solution 3

[a] (ii) Ag+ and Mg2+ precipitattion the answer is Solution 2. Na+ (aq) and OH- (aq)

From table, Ag+ and Mg2+ can be precipitated by OH- (aq), CO32- (aq), and PO43- (aq).

But the use of CO32- (aq), and PO43- (aq) will also precipitate Ba2+, hence one should use a solution which has OH- (aq). WHich is solution 2 Na+ (aq) and OH- (aq)

[b] The balanced chemical reaction between H3PO4 and Al2(SO4)3 along with states of reactant and product is

2H3PO4 (aq) + Al2(SO4)3 (aq)    ------> 3H2SO4 (aq) + 2AlPO4 (s)

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