please explain the answers to number 11, what exactly is the reasoning behind th

Question

please explain the answers to number 11, what exactly is the reasoning behind the better nucleophility in each pair.

CH3CO2 CH3S , HO-, H20. 11) In each of the pairs below, which is the best nucleophile in alcoholic solvents? a. CH3S or CH30 b. CH3)2NH or (CH3)3N c. CI- or F- d. SCN or OCN 12) Why, in a polar protic solvent, is iodide a better nucleophile than fluoride? Besides iodide Cering biage 13) Provide the major organic product(s) of the reaction-shown. r and thus noe paolenizable, Alcide is mine hgh

Explanation / Answer

nucleophile means to to donate pair of electrons here in option a) between CH3S- or CH3O- - CH3O- is good nucleophlic due to O has smaller atomic radius than S as as they have more concentrated elecron density so it share strongest driven force of electron but in this we can consider it as pair . in b) (CH3)3N is good than (CH3)2NH

but in c) Cl- or F- both are best pair of nucleophilic due to following reason:-

i) both of them are higher in electronegativity which means lower nucleophilicity, as the role of nucleophile is to share electron but here in alcholic sovent nucleophilicity increases as we go down the periodic table (F- < Cl- < Br- < I – ) this is due to hydrogen bonding dramatically effects nucleophilicity in  polar protic solvents as it surrounded by solvent molecules which gives more steric hinderance and they are less reactive . so it is better pair

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