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1. A 60% w/w solution of nicotine in water is heated from 22°C to 80°C. This pro

ID: 1036867 • Letter: 1

Question

1. A 60% w/w solution of nicotine in water is heated from 22°C to 80°C.  This process is termed:

isothermal

isoplethal

isocratic

isobaric

adiabatic

2. The nicotine concentrations in the phases resulting from the heating process in Question #1 are approximately:

30%, 70%

24%, 51%

18%, 62%

9%, 73%

1%, 82%

3. The fractional amounts of the coexisting phases resulting from the heating process in Question #1 are (phase more dilute in nicotine is listed first):

0.10, 0.90

0.20, 0.80

0.40, 0.60

0.60, 0.40

0.80, 0.20

0.90, 0.10

30%, 70%

24%, 51%

18%, 62%

9%, 73%

1%, 82%

One phase 208° 200 - 160 - Two phases Temperature, °C 120 - 80 - | 60.8° 40 One phase 100 20 40 60 80 Nicotine in water (% by weight)

Explanation / Answer

1. OPTION 4. The process of heating a solution of nicotinic acid in water from a lower temperature to a higher temperature is not isothermal as these processes involve changes in the system at a constant temperature. An isocratic process is a chromatographic separation of substances using a constant composition of mobile phase and an adiabatic process involves a change in some parameter of a system such that there is no heat change in the system. An isobaric process is one which occurs at a constant pressure and since the given process occurs at the constant pressure of 1atm which is the ambient pressure it is isobaric.