Experiment 18 Ion Identification by Solubility 1. introduction Insoluble ionic c

Question

Experiment 18 Ion Identification by Solubility 1. introduction Insoluble ionic compounds precipitate when their constituent ions are mixed in solution. For example silver chloride, AgCl, is insoluble so AgCI(s) precipitate forms when a solution containing silver ions such as AgNOs(aq) is mixed with a solution containing chloride ions such as NaCI(aq). because Ag C AgCI(s) AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)--> ppt So an unknown solution could be tested by mixing it with NaCl(aq): If Unknown] + NaCl(aq)-? NO ppt Or an unknown could be tested by mixing it with AgNO (aq): If Unknown]+AgNO3(aq) ? NO ppt then Unknown cannot contain Cl-ions However if a precipitate does form: If Unknown]+AgNO3(aq)-? ppt then Unknown MAY contain CI-ions then Unknown] cannot contain Ag+ ions Further testing or information would be necessary to prove presence of chloride ions, since other ions besides chloride can precipitate with silver ions. Other ions could be tested in by similar methods. Thus solubilities help in the identification of unknown ions. combinations of In this experiment you will develop a table of solubilities by experimentally testing which ions form precipitates. For example to test the solubility of AgBr we could mix: ppt then AgBr is insoluble because NaNO3 ?s soluble. AgNO3(aq) + NaBr(aq) - If O3(aq) on the shelf, or it can be tested by You know NaNO, is soluble because there is a bottle of NaN mixing NH4NO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)-? NO ppt. With the information in the solubility table you will be able to separate ions from a mixture and identify ions in a solution of unknown ions. HAZARD ingested-especially silver, lead and barium. Various solutions and mixtures may irritate skin orti Silver solutions will stain skin and clothes. S: NaOH and HNOs are corrosive to eyes and skin. Most cations can be toxic when Wear Safety Glasses

Explanation / Answer

According to your results, all ammonium compounds are soluble

All calcium compounds , except carbonates (and iodates), are soluble . Calcium iodate Ca (IO3)2 is not supposed to be soluble.

Zinc compounds, except carbonates, are soluble

chloride compounds are soluble except, Ag and Pb

Carbonate compounds are insoluble, except 1A elements, Na, K and NH4

(you should review your experiment, the results do not match theoretical concepts specially iodates)

*only 1 question at a time please =)

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