Use the hints given and your best judgment to write the most probable balanced d
ID: 1033677 • Letter: U
Question
Use the hints given and your best judgment to write the most probable balanced defect equations in the following solid solutions. Identify the two predominant ionic defects you expect to see and predict if the density of the crystal will increase or decrease with increasing solute (impurity) concentration: a) CaCl2 in NaCl (no interstitials possible) b) ZrO2 doped in Y2O3 (anionic interstitials possible, but not cationic interstitials) c) NiO in MgO (no interstitials) d) MgO in Al2O3 Use the hints given and your best judgment to write the most probable balanced defect equations in the following solid solutions. Identify the two predominant ionic defects you expect to see and predict if the density of the crystal will increase or decrease with increasing solute (impurity) concentration: a) CaCl2 in NaCl (no interstitials possible) b) ZrO2 doped in Y2O3 (anionic interstitials possible, but not cationic interstitials) c) NiO in MgO (no interstitials) d) MgO in Al2O3 Use the hints given and your best judgment to write the most probable balanced defect equations in the following solid solutions. Identify the two predominant ionic defects you expect to see and predict if the density of the crystal will increase or decrease with increasing solute (impurity) concentration: a) CaCl2 in NaCl (no interstitials possible) b) ZrO2 doped in Y2O3 (anionic interstitials possible, but not cationic interstitials) c) NiO in MgO (no interstitials) d) MgO in Al2O3Explanation / Answer
a) CaCl2 in NaCl: For charge balancing, cation vacancy will be there as one Ca2+ will replace two Na+. So, one Na+ site will be vacant and the density will be reduced.
b)ZrO2 doped in Y2O3: If Zr4+ replaces Y3+, due to charge balanced some portion of O2- will have to be there in the interstitial lattice.
c) As both Ni and Mg are in +2 oxidation state, so Mg will be replaced by Ni and a solid solution of NiO in MgO will be formed without changing crystal lattice structure.
) MgO + Al2O3 = MgAl2O4 spinel compound, FCC lattice will be formed by oxide ions, Al3+ will be in the half of the octahedral holes, Mg2+ will be in the 1/8 of the tetrahedral holes.
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