2 points) Use the following to answer questions 53-54: For the questionts) below

Question

2 points) Use the following to answer questions 53-54: For the questionts) below, match the type of lipid to its dein I. triglyceride II. phospholipid III. glycolipid IV steroid V. eicosanoia 53 These lipids contain fatty acids. -A) lonly B) I and II C) II and III D) I, II, and III E) I, II, II, and IV 54 These lipids are the main components of cell membranes. -A) lonly B) I and II C) 11 and D) I, II, and III E) L, I, III, and IV Answer True (T) or False (F) (2 points each) I) An ester is derived from an ether and a carboxylic acid. 2) The ester formed from butyl alcohol and acetic acid is called butyl acetate 3) Carboxylic acids with four or fewer carbons are very water soluble. 4) Hydration is the breakdown ofan ester 5) Polyesters are plastics that are used to make fabrics, bottles, and medical devices such as heart valv 6) Steroids contain fatty acids 7) One function of phospholipids is to provide structure to cell membranes 8) Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid. 9) Lecithins contain sphingosine, fatty acids, phosphate and an amino alcohol 10)--Soaps are salts of long chain fatty acids

Explanation / Answer

53. OPTION C. Fatty acids are molecules that contain a long-chain hydrocarbon "tail" with a polar group like carboxylate or phosphate or sulphonate or carbohydrate "head". Phospholipids are made of long-chain hydrocarbons with a polar phosphate group attached to the hydrocarbon. Similarly, glycolipids have carbohydrates as the polar groups similar to phospholipids. Other molecules are either esters of fatty acids or tetracyclic fused ring systems.

54. OPTION C. Cell membranes are composed of lipid bilayers which have lipids aligned doubly in such a manner that they form two layers with all hydrocarbon tails facing one another while the polar groups of one layer are outside the cell and those of the other are aligned within the cell. Thus unlike other molecules, only glycolipids and phospholipids consist of such polar heads and non-polar tails. This bilayer helps provide the necessary structural integrity to cells and the stability needed to isolate itself from the hostile or differing outside environment and control its conditions inside to function properly.

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