You have a compound dissolved in cholroform and need to remove the solvent by di

Question

You have a compound dissolved in cholroform and need to remove the solvent by distillation. Because the compound is heat sensitive, you hesitate to raise the temperature above 278 K and decide on vacuum distillation. What is the maximum pressure at which the distillation takes place. For more information and phase change data please check webbook.nist.gov for the appropriate constants. Please explain your reasoning for the equation of choice if you cannot provide and answer. You have a compound dissolved in cholroform and need to remove the solvent by distillation. Because the compound is heat sensitive, you hesitate to raise the temperature above 278 K and decide on vacuum distillation. What is the maximum pressure at which the distillation takes place. For more information and phase change data please check webbook.nist.gov for the appropriate constants. Please explain your reasoning for the equation of choice if you cannot provide and answer.

Explanation / Answer

Steam distillation is a special type of distillation for temperature sensitive organic compounds. Popular laboratory method for purification of organic compounds, but has become obsolete by vacuum distillation. Steam distillation remains important in certain industrial sectors. Organic compounds tend to decompose at high sustained temperatures. Separation by distillation at the normal (1 atm) boiling points is not an option, so water or steam is introduced into the distillation apparatus. The water vapour carries small amounts of the vaporized compounds to the condensation flask, where the condensed liquid phase separates, allowing for easy collection. This process effectively allows for distillation at lower temperatures, reducing the deterioration of the desired products. If the substances to be distilled are very sensitive to heat, steam distillation may be applied under reduced pressure. After distillation the vapours are condensed. Product is separate two-phase system of water and the organic distillate, allowing for separation of the components by decantation, partitioning or other suitable methods.

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