6. Genetic variations are the basis for of all phylogenetics study. Phylogenetic
ID: 102319 • Letter: 6
Question
6. Genetic variations are the basis for of all phylogenetics study. Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships, comparing the genomes of various organisms to draw conclusions about their evolutionary closeness. (a) Identify which of the following organisms are more closely related to each other. (b) Explain the advantages that phylogenetics have over basic taxonomy classification? (c) Describe a genetic technology that can aid scientists in discovering organisms that have similar DNA sequences.
Organism
Sequence
A
AATCGTAGCAGCATAAGA
B
TAGCAACGCAGCATACGA
C
AATCATAAGTACAACCGA
Organism
Sequence
A
AATCGTAGCAGCATAAGA
B
TAGCAACGCAGCATACGA
C
AATCATAAGTACAACCGA
Explanation / Answer
We observe relationship by calculating percentage of Nucleotides common in between organisms.
Therefore, in between Organism A and B by using below formula-
AATCGTAGCAGCATAAGA
TAGCAACGCAGCATACGA
= [Common numbers of nucleotides / total number of nucleotides] x 100
= [11 / 18] x 100
= 61.1 %
Now in between Organism B and C-
TAGCAACGCAGCATACGA
AATCATAAGTACAACCGA
= [Common numbers of nucleotides / total number of nucleotides] x 100
= 8 / 18 x 100
= 44.4%
Now in between Organism A and C-
AATCGTAGCAGCATAAGA
AATCATAAGTACAACCGA
= [Common numbers of nucleotides / total number of nucleotides] x 100
= 12 / 18 x 100
= 66.6 %
Organism A
AATCGTAGCAGCATAAGA
Organism B
TAGCAACGCAGCATACGA
Organism C
AATCATAAGTACAACCGA
Organism A
AATCGTAGCAGCATAAGA
100%
61.1 %
66.6 %
Organism B
TAGCAACGCAGCATACGA
100 %
44.4%
Organism C
AATCATAAGTACAACCGA
100 %
Therefore, we can say that the Organisms A and C are most related to each other amongst Organism A, B, and C.
2. It predicts evolution through many morphological and chemical characters.
In compare to taxonomy, the phylogenetics provides the foundation for comparative genomics.
It helps in finding the non-existing organisms through the phylogenetic tree analysis. That depicts more realistic characteristics of organisms than traditional taxonomy analysis.
3. The best genetic tool is the genomic analysis through PCR. The advance technique is require like the nucleotides reading.
Organism A
AATCGTAGCAGCATAAGA
Organism B
TAGCAACGCAGCATACGA
Organism C
AATCATAAGTACAACCGA
Organism A
AATCGTAGCAGCATAAGA
100%
61.1 %
66.6 %
Organism B
TAGCAACGCAGCATACGA
100 %
44.4%
Organism C
AATCATAAGTACAACCGA
100 %
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