How many sigma (sigma) bonds are present in methane molecule? We need to determi

Question

How many sigma (sigma) bonds are present in methane molecule? We need to determine how many groups are around atom. What orbitals are used to form the C - C sigma bond and C - H sigma bonds in CH_3CH_3 (ethane)? What Orbitals are used to form C - C sigma bond and C - H sigma bond in CH_2 = CH_2 (ethylene)? How many sigma bonds are present m ethylene molecule? The side - by -side over tap of two p orbitals always forms a bond. All double bonds are composed of bond. Al triple bonds are composed of bonds. Why are pi bonds weaker than sigma bonds ?

Explanation / Answer

Q1.

Methane has the structural formula of CH4

the carbon has 4 valence electrons, hydrogen atoms have 1 valence electron

therefore, all 4 hydrognes are SINGLE bonded to the carbon.

Note that these are covalent bonds (they are being shared, not donated)

this is a typical sp3 hybdridization, meaning that 1 s orbtial mixes with 3 p orbitals in order to form sp3 bonds.

Recall that each bond is made of a SIGMA bond

Since these are all single bonds, then we have 4x1 = 4 sigma bonds

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