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Word Bank : Electrophiles lower zwitterion increases cyanide cyanohydrin ~1700 ~

ID: 1019782 • Letter: W

Question

Word Bank : Electrophiles lower zwitterion increases cyanide cyanohydrin ~1700 ~2700 higher donating ylide decreases withdrawing nucleophiles

Aldehydes and ketones react with  ____________  at the carbonyl carbon.

In an IR spectrum, the carbonyl absorption of cyclic ketones shifts to ____________  wavenumbers as the size of the ring decreases and the ring strain increases.

Increasing the number of alkyl groups on the carbonyl carbon  ____________ the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

In an IR spectrum, aldehydes and ketones give a strong peat at ____________
cm ¹ due to the C=O.

Electron- ____________  groups near the carbonyl carbon stabilize the carbon group, which  ____________  the amount of the hydrate at equilibrium.

Wittig reagents are a type of  ____________ , which is a species that contains two oppositely charged atoms bonded to each other and both atoms having octets.

Treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with NaCN and a strong acid such as HCl adds the elements of HCN across the carbon-oxygen bond, forming a ____________ .

Electron- ____________  groups near the carbonyl carbon destabilize the carbonyl group, which  ____________  the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Explanation / Answer

Aldehydes and ketones react with Nucleophiles  at the carbonyl carbon.

The carbonyl carbon has partial positive charge so it reacts with a component that is electron rich.

In an IR spectrum, the carbonyl absorption of cyclic ketones shifts to higher  wavenumbers as the size of the ring decreases and the ring strain increases.

small rings impose strain and increase the net C=O bond

Increasing the number of alkyl groups on the carbonyl carbon  decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Increasing alkyl chain increases the sterics at the carbonyl and so makes reaction difficult

In an IR spectrum, aldehydes and ketones give a strong peat at ~1700_
cm ?¹ due to the C=O.

The C=O band appears between 1700 - 1750 cm-1

Electron- Donating  groups near the carbonyl carbon stabilize the carbon group, which  increases the amount of the hydrate at equilibrium.

Wittig reagents are a type of  Zwitterion , which is a species that contains two oppositely charged atoms bonded to each other and both atoms having octets.

It has negative charge on charbon and positive charge on phosphorous

Treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with NaCN and a strong acid such as HCl adds the elements of HCN across the carbon-oxygen ? bond, forming a Cyanohydrin .

cyanohydrin is a compound that has CN and OH on the same carbon

Electron- withdrawing  groups near the carbonyl carbon destabilize the carbonyl group, which  decreases the amount of hydrate at equilibrium.

Reverse of what was answered earlier

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