(show all your works and please do all questions from part a to part d. Sorry fo

Question

(show all your works and please do all questions from part a to part d. Sorry for long questions, but I will thanks to anyone who can help me all questions from part a to part d)

a. what is the source of the tremendous energy produced by nuclear reactions

b. how are the mass defect and nuclear binding energy related

c. what is the binding energy per nucleon and why is that parameter used rather than per nuclide when comparing nuclear stability

d. in terms of binding energy, what element is the energetically-favorable dividing line between fission and fusion processes

Explanation / Answer

a.

Fusion is appealing as an energy source because of the availability of light isotopes and because fussion products are generally not radioactive. Despite this fact, fusion is not presently used to generate energy. The problem is that high energies are achieved by high temperatures. Fusion reactions are therefore also known as thermonuclar reactions. The lowest temperature required for any fusion is that needed to fuse deuterium and tritium, show in equation 1H2 +1H3 -----> 2He4+0n1

Such high temperatures have been achieved by using an atomic bomb to inititate the fusion process. This is done in the thermonuclear, or hydrogen bond.

b.

The mass difference between a nucleus and its constitutent nucleons is called the mass defect. The energy required to seperate a nucleus into its individual nucleons is called the nuclear binding energy. The larger the binding energy, the more stable is the nucleus toward decomposition. The relationship between mass diffect and binding energy is DeltaE = Deltam*C^2

Here, DeltaE is binding energy , Deltam is mass defect, and C is speed of light.

c.

the binding energy per nucleon is the binding energies of each nucleus divided by the total number of nucleons in that nucleus. The larger the binding energy, the more stable is the nucleus toward decomposition.

d.

Measure of stability of the nucleus. Larger the binding energy per nucleon, the greater the work that must be done to remove the nucleon from the nucleus, the more stable the nucleus. Thus, Fission is more stable

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