Testosterone is a lipophilic (hydrophobic) hormone released during puberty. This

Question

Testosterone is a lipophilic (hydrophobic) hormone released during puberty. This is responsible of the long time changes that we see happen during this developmental stage: facial and pubic hair growth, increased muscle mass, and even undesired effects such as acne. How is testosterone producing such lasting effects? A. It ultimately activates proteins already present in the cell B. They cannot cross the plasma membrane, thus their receptors are located extracellularly C. It uses active transport in order to move from high concentration in the blood to the low concentration inside the cell. D. It activates intracellular receptors that act as transcription factors changing gene expression A plant species that reproduces by self-fertilization is violating which of the assumptions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium the MOST? A. Large population size B. No Natural Selection C. Random mating D. No Gene Flow E. No mutations Animal breeders have been selecting horses for speed for centuries. In the last two centuries, the speed of horses increased quite a bit but in the past decades it hasn't change much. Why is that? A. There is not much background genetic variation left B. The direction of artificial selection changed C. Speed is not a heritable trait D. Genetic drift is preventing selection A population of black and brown mice living on the lava rocks in Hawaii are constantly facing predation of the brown phenotypes. Would this population be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? A. Yes, because both genotypes are present, the allele for brown and the allele for black B. Yes, because Natural selection is occurring C. No, because the brown allele is recessive while black is dominant D. No, because one of the alleles has higher chances of passing on to the next generation E. No, because there are brown alleles present in the population Sickle cell anemia is a recessive condition that can lead to lethal complications. However, heterozygous individuals do not show any symptoms of the disease and instead enjoy protection from Malaria. In some parts of Africa heterozygous individuals make up to 40% of the population. Which term in the Hardy Weinberg equation predicts the frequency of A. p heterozygous? A. p B. q C. p + q D. q E. 2pq White cats are homozygous for the recessive for color allele (bb) born cats are homozygous for the dominant allele (BB) and orange cats are heterozygous (Bb). In a population of 50 cats you find these phenotypes: 36 (BB) brown, 48 (Bb) orange and 16 (bb) white cats. What is the frequency of the dominant allele (B)? 36 + 48 + 16 =100 A. 0.36^2 B. Squareroot 0.36 C. 0.36 D. 0.16 E. Squareroot 0.16

Explanation / Answer

  

32.d.Once bound to the androgen receptor, testosterone forms a complex that undergoes a structural change. This complex then moves into the nucleus of the cell and binds to specific nucleotide sequences of DNA which are termed hormone response elements.

This binding of the complex to the elements brings about changes in the transcription of various proteins mediated by specific genes, which produces the androgenic effects of the cells.

33.d.No gene flow.As in self fertilized plants no new gene combination occurs.

34.a.

35.d.The law fails to apply when there is genetic drift or no gne flow.

36.e 2pq

37.c.(p+q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2

p = frequency of the dominant allele in the population
q = frequency of the recessive allele in the population

p2 = percentage of homozygous dominant individuals
q2 = percentage of homozygous recessive individuals
2pq = percentage of heterozygous individual

p = 36 0r 0.36

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