The ratio of NaOH and KOH needed to produce soap is shown in Table 2. According
ID: 1010976 • Letter: T
Question
The ratio of NaOH and KOH needed to produce soap is shown in Table 2.
According to the table, if a person wanted to make soap from 20.0 oz. of olive oil, then 2.68 oz of NaOH would be needed during the saponification process.
20.0 oz. olive oil x 0.134 = 2.7 oz. of NaOH needed
Alternately, if KOH is to be used, then 3.80 oz. of KOH are required.
20.0 oz. olive oil x 0.190 = 3.8 oz. of KOH needed
Substance
Saponification Value
NaOH Ratio
KOH Ratio
Beeswax
96
0.067
0.095
Extra Virgin Olive Oil
190
0.135
0.190
Pumpkin Seed Oil
195
0.132
0.186
Palm Kernel Oil
220
0.155
0.218
Coconut Oil
257
0.181
0.256
Questions:
1. As the saponification value increases, does the amount of hydroxide base required for saponification increase or decrease?
2. If a person wanted to use the least possible volume of KOH, which oil or fat should they select for making soap?
3.A new designer soap contains 50% palm kernel oil and 50% coconut oil. If 3.00 L of oil total were used during saponification, how much KOH would be required? Hint: Calculate the volume of KOH for each oil separately, and then find the total volume of KOH.
Substance
Saponification Value
NaOH Ratio
KOH Ratio
Beeswax
96
0.067
0.095
Extra Virgin Olive Oil
190
0.135
0.190
Pumpkin Seed Oil
195
0.132
0.186
Palm Kernel Oil
220
0.155
0.218
Coconut Oil
257
0.181
0.256
Explanation / Answer
1) Saponification value represents the amount of KOH/NaOH required for the saponification process of 1g of fat, if the saponification value increases it implies that the amount of KOH/NaOH required per 1g of fat will increase
Hence he amount of hydroxide base required for saponification increases
2) Beeswax has the least KOH requirement among all oils and fats
3) Amount of KOH for 1.5 L palm kernel oil = 1.5 L * 0.218 = 0.327 L
Amount of KOH for 1.5 L coconut oil = 1.5 L * 0.256 = 0.384 L
Total volume of KOH required = 0.327 + 0.384 = 0.711 L
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