The kidney excretes the following during alkalosis: a) Hydrogen b) Bicarbonate c

Question

The kidney excretes the following during alkalosis: a) Hydrogen b) Bicarbonate c) Carbon Dioxide d) A and B e) All of the Above The kidney reabsorbs the following during alkalosis: a) Hydrogen b) Bicarbonate c) Carbon Dioxide d) A and B e) All of the Above Lack of erythropoietin secretion leads to the following: a) Aplastic Anemia b) Pernicious Anemia c) Iron Deficiency Anemia d) Hemolytic Anemia e) Sickle Cell Anemia Excessive secretion of erythropoietin leads to the following: a) Aplastic Anemia b) Hypoxemia c) Polycythemia d) Hypernatremia e) Hypercalcemia Lack of vitamin D activation may lead to the following: a) Hypercalcemia b) Hypocalcemia c) Hypernatremia d) Hyponatremia) Hypophosphatemia Excessive vitamin D activation may lead to the following: a) Hypercalcemia b) Hypocalcemia c) Hypernatremia d) Hyponatremia e) Hypophosphatemia

Explanation / Answer

7) b (Bicrbonate)

The pH of human body fluids should be maintained within a narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45. Outside this pH range, function of enzymes will be impaired. Normally kidney and lungs are involved in maintaining acid-base balance. Kidney excretes hydrogen ions (H+ ) and absorbs bicrobonate ions (HCO3-) under normal conditions to maintain pH within the normal range.

Alkalosis is a condition which occurs when our body has an excess of bases leading to the loss of body’s acid-base balance. In this condition, kidneys reabsorb hydrogen ions and secrete bicarbonate by the way of decreased absorption to maintain the acid base balance.

8) a (Hydrogen)

Kidneys reabsorb hydrogen ions in alkalosis and decrease the pH of the fluids.

9) a (aplastic anemia)

Eryhtropoietin hormone is produced by kidneys when they sense that there is less oxygen in the blood. This hormone stimulates the RBC production by bone marrow cells. If the erythropoietin is not secreted by kidneys, bone marrow will lose the ability to produce blood cells.

10) c (Polycythemia)

Chronic low oxygen levels may result in excess erythropoietin. This condition is called polycythaemia. It is characterised by high RBC count.

11) b (Hypocalcemia)

Vitamin- D from dietary components and skin synthesis is to be activated from pre-vitamin D3 to 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D (activate from) which promotes calcium absorption from intestine. Lack of vitamin-D activation causes less absorption of calcium from intestine leading to low serum calcium levels (Hypocalcemia).

12) a (Hypercalcemia)

Excessive absorption of calcium happens due to excessive Vitamin- D activation leading to higher serum calcium levels (Hypercalcemia).

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