b. Bile salts are modified from which molecule? Answer: c. What is the function

Question

b. Bile salts are modified from which molecule? Answer: c. What is the function of bile? Answer: d. Write out the enterohepatic circulation pathway to recycle bile salts. Answer: Describe the composition of pancreatic juice and state the function of saliva. Answer: Where does the bile and pancreatic juice enter the GI tract? Answer: Gastric Motility Answer: a. How does food volume change the rate of gastric emptying? Answer: b. How does a carbohydrate and fatty meal change the rate of gastric emptying? Answer: c. What factors initiate gastric motility? Answer: d. Which way do the peristalsis waves move along the stomach? Answer: Digestive Hormones a. Which layer of the GI wall release hormones? Answer: b. List the two major hormones released from the stomach and state the function of each hormone. Answer: c. List the two major hormones released from the duodenum and state function of each hormone. Answer:

Explanation / Answer

Bile salts are modified from hemoglobin.

Since bile increases the absorption of fats, it is an important part of the absorption of the fat-soluble substances, such as the vitamins A, D, E, and K. Besides its digestive function,bile serves also as the route of excretion for bilirubin, a byproduct of red blood cells recycled by the liver.

Pancreatic juice is a liquid secreted by the pancreas, which contains a variety of enzymes, including trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase, nucleases and amylase.Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, also called ptyalin, which is capable of breaking down starch into simpler sugars such as maltose and dextrin that can be further broken down in the small .

Bile and intestinal jiuce enters in the small intestine.

Contractions of gastric smooth muscle serves two basic functions: ingested food is crushed, ground and mixed, liquefying it to form what is called chyme. chyme is forced through the pyloric canal into the small intestine,during gastric motility.

The rate of emptying of the stomach is controlled by various factors originating in the duodenum and stomach, of which the duodenal factors are the most important.

Gastric factors include increased volume of food in the stomach and stretching of the stomach wall. The hormone Gastrin also appears to promote stomach emptying.

Duodenal factors serve mainly to inhibit entering, thereby ensuring that the small intestine is not overwhelmed by a sudden influx of acidic chyme. They include nervous reflexesand hormones. The nerve reflexes are transmitted both by the enteric nervous system and through extrinsic nerves via the pre-vertebral sympathetic ganglia.

Stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile ducT

Duodenal hormones-

Somatostatin

Gastrin Stimulates gastric acid secretion and proliferation of gastric epithelium Cholecystokinin Stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes, and contraction and emptying of the gall bladder Secretin

Stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile ducT

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