How do they differ? Check all that apply. ( ) Metabolic alkalosis is due to redu

Question

How do they differ? Check all that apply.

( ) Metabolic alkalosis is due to reduced blood bicarbonate concentration.

( ) Respiratory alkalosis is due to excessive loss of O2 due to hyperventilation.

( )Metabolic alkalosis is due to reduced plasma bicarbonate concentration.

( )Respiratory alkalosis is due to excessive loss of CO2 due to hyperventilation.

( )Respiratory alkalosis is due to excessive loss of H2O due to hyperventilation.

( )Metabolic alkalosis is due to elevated plasma bicarbonate concentration.

Explanation / Answer

Metabolic alkalosis is due to reduced blood bicarbonate concentration

Patients with preserved renal function will most often rapidly excrete excess bicarbonate in the urine. Thus, metabolic alkalosis can only persist if the ability to excrete excess bicarbonate in the urine is impaired due to one of the following causes: hypovolemia; reduced effective arterial blood volume (due, for example, to heart failure or cirrhosis); chloride depletion; hypokalemia; reduced glomerular filtration rate; hyperaldosteronism; or combinations of these factors

Respiratory alkalosis is due to excessive loss of O2 due to hyperventilation

The first step that should be taken is to treat the underlying cause. If hypoxia is present supplemental oxygen may be useful. If it is due to anxiety as the cause of hyperventilation syndrome, counseling (such as cognitive behavioral therapy) to identify and address triggers may be useful, possibly supported by a few days of benzodiazepines. Mild hyperventilation can be treated by recycling some of the carbon dioxide released in one's breath. This is traditionally done by breathing into a paper bag. The Buteyko method purportedly retrains the breathing pattern through chronic repetitive breathing exercises to correct the hyperventilation

Metabolic alkalosis is due to reduced plasma bicarbonate concentration

alkalosis resulting from abnormal loss of CO2 produced by hyperventilation, either active or passive, with concomitant reduction in arterial plasma bicarbonate concentration.

Respiratory alkalosis is due to excessive loss of CO2 due to hyperventilation

The kidneys and lungs maintain the proper balance (proper pH level) of chemicals called acids and bases in the body. Decreased carbon dioxide (an acid) level or increased bicarbonate (a base) level makes the body too alkaline, a condition called alkalosis. There are different types of alkalosis. These are described below.

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by a low carbon dioxide level in the blood. This can be due to:

Respiratory alkalosis is due to excessive loss of H2O due to hyperventilation

  H2O loss due to dehydration takes place and due to hyperventilation sweating Na+ losswith HCO3-, K= and water loss due to dehydration. Blood picture shows hypernatremia and hyperkalemia.

Metabolic alkalosis is due to elevated plasma bicarbonate concentration

Plasma bicarbonate rises above 24mmols/l, bicarbonate is excreted by the kidney. This response is reasonably prompt and effective so a metabolic alkalosis will be rapidly corrected. If you infuse say 100mls of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate into a healthy person with normal renal function, the rise in plasma bicarbonate is brief because of prompt bicarbonaturia.

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