At the end of each chapter we have studied a specialized topic dealing with an a
ID: 1003571 • Letter: A
Question
At the end of each chapter we have studied a specialized topic dealing with an aspect of Industrial or Bio-Organic Chemistry. These topics are listed below. Tell the graders everything you know about these topics and convince the graders that you have a thorough and accurate understanding of what we went over in lecture or what are in the textbook (Organic Chemistry Structure and Function, 6^th edition, K.P.C. Vollhardt and N. Schore, 2010) on these topics. This will be judged on both quantity and quality. Fats and Fatty acids Carboxylic Acid Esters and the Energy Crisis Industrial Polymers Benzoquinone, Hydroquinones, and Antioxidants Natural Products Thiazolium Salt Chemistry Nucleic AcidsExplanation / Answer
Description
A) Fats are formed by the condensation of long chain fatty acids with glycerol. Three molecules of fatty acids are combined with 1 molecule of glycerol to form 1 molecule of fat. For example soyabean oil is a fat.
Fatty acids are long chain carboxylic acids. Fo example oleic acid, stearic acid, etc.
B) Carboxylic acid esters and energy crisis. Agricultural sources produce carboxylic esters which are successfully used as alternative fuels. For example corn oil is a source for biodilsel feedstock. This can be termed under renewable energy source and thus has vast implication in terms of maintaining green balance of environment in future.
C) Industrial polymers : Industrial polymers ranges from polymers of types, resins, phenols, bakelite, nylon, pvc, etc. These polymers find applications in manufacture of wires, cables, pipes, insulations, etc. Various adititives are often added in diferent proportions to the crude polymer to prepare end polymer with desired properties.
D) Benzoquinone, hydroquinone and antioxidant : Hydroquinone is a 1,4-benzene diol system which undergoes an easy oxidation to Benzoquinone. Hydroquinone due to its property is often employed as an antioxidant to prevent polymerisation or polymerisation inhibitor for acrylic acids among others which are prone to free radical polymerization. The redox property of hydroquinone to benzoquinone is used in biological system as well.
E) Natural products : Branch of natural product includes any and all compounds produced and or found in nature by living beings. These compounds such as Vitamins are part of natural producd chemistry. These can have varied properties, some of which can be phamacological. Efforts are put towards synthesis of these compounds in lab in large scale for potential use as drugs.
F) Thiazolium salt chemistry : Thiazoles are ring compounds which have both sulfur and nitrogen as part of the ring structure. Thiazoles are found in fungicides and non-steroidal antiinflamatory drugs. Deprotonation at C2 position of thiazole results in formation of salts which can easily react with a variety of electrohiles and give different products as needed.
G) Nucleic acids : Nucelic acids are macromolecules or biomolecules which are found in all livign organisms. They are classified as DNA and RNA and are made of nucleotides. The sequence of nucleic acids decides the various functions and traits of an organism. It i indeed the most vital part of living system.
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