Which of the following effects are primarily responsible for determining the ord
ID: 1001542 • Letter: W
Question
Which of the following effects are primarily responsible for determining the order of acidities in the following sets of molecules.
HF; CH4; H2O; NH3
H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te
CH3OH, FCH2OH, F2CHOH, F3COH
HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4
CH3CH3; CH2=CH2; HCCH
A. Inductive Effect
B. Resonance Effect
C. Electronegativity of the atom bearing the negative charge in the conjugate base
D. Hybridization of the atom bearing the negative charge in the conjugate base
E. Size of the atom bearing the negative charge in the conjugate base
1. The highest energy point on a reaction energy coordinate diagram that represents a species in which the bonds being formed are partially formed, and those being broken are partially broken, is referred to as
2. The amount of energy required for the reactants to reach the transition state is known as
3. If a reaction involves more than one step, there are species in that reaction that are neither the reactants nor the products nor the transition states. Such species are referred to as
4. The amount of energy required to carry out a homolytic cleavage of a bond to produce two radical fragments when the molecule is in the gas phase at 25oC is referred to as
5. An electron rich species that donates electrons in a reaction is referred to as
6. An electron deficient species that accepts electrons in a reaction is referred to as
1. A reaction in which the free energy is released by the chemical system and dissipated to the surroundings is defined as an reaction. Conversely, the reaction in which the free energy is absorbed by the chemical system from the surroundings is defined as an reaction.
2. The reaction in which heat is released by the chemical system and dissipated to the surroundings is defined as an reaction. Conversely, the reaction in which the heat is absorbed by the chemical system from the surroundings is defined as an reaction.
3. The thermodynamic quantity that connects the Gibbs Free Energy of a reaction with its enthalpy at a given temperature is .
4. The thermodynamic quantity that is associated with molecular randomness in a reaction is .
5. The difference in the strength of the bonds broken and the bonds formed in a reaction is defined as .
6. The thermodynamic quantity that is a measure of the heat of reaction is .
7. The amount of energy required to homogeneously cleave a bond when the molecule is in the gas phase at 25oC is defined as .
8. The amount of energy required for the reactants to reach the transition state is known as
Explanation / Answer
HF; CH4; H2O; NH3 - Electronegativity of the atom bearing the negative charge in the conjugate base
H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te - Size of the atom bearing the negative charge in the conjugate base
CH3OH, FCH2OH, F2CHOH, F3COH - inductive effect
HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4 - Resonance Effect
CH3CH3; CH2=CH2; HCCH - Hybridization of the atom bearing the negative charge in the conjugate base
1. Activation energy
2. Activation energy
3. Intermediates (transition state)
4. Bond-dissociation energy
5. Electro-negative species
6. Electro-possitive species
1. A reaction in which the free energy is released by the chemical system and dissipated to the surroundings is defined as an spontaneous reaction. Conversely, the reaction in which the free energy is absorbed by the chemical system from the surroundings is defined as an non-spontaneous reaction.
2. The reaction in which heat is released by the chemical system and dissipated to the surroundings is defined as an exothermic reaction. Conversely, the reaction in which the heat is absorbed by the chemical system from the surroundings is defined as an endothermic reaction.
3. Entropy
4. Entropy
5. Enthalpy
6. Enthalpy
7. Bond-dissociation energy
8. Activation energy.
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