1. Given the formula for a series of complex compounds, identify which one has t
ID: 1000637 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Given the formula for a series of complex compounds, identify which one has the highest oxidation state.
2. What type of bond is most likely to form between a transition metal cation and a ligand.
3. Given a series of formulas and charges of complex ions, identify the d orbital configuration of the ion. (Note the periodic table with electron configuration of the elements will be given)
4. What is the term used to describe molecules with non-superimposable mirror images.
5. Given the oxidation state of a transition metal, given its shape, and that it contains a weak bonding ligand, determine how many unpaired electrons are present in the metal.
6. Given the nuclear symbol of the element, identify the element that will be produced after a beta decay.
7. Given the nuclear symbol of the element, identify the element that will be produced after electron capture.
8. Given the nuclear symbol of a series of elements, identify which one is most likely to be radioactive.
9. Given the rate constant of the nuclear decay, calculate the time required fro the nucleus to decay to 1/4 of its original value.
10. Given a series statements about use of carbon-14 isotopes for radioactive dating, identify which one is correct.
11. Calculate the binding energy/nucleon for a given atom with its nuclear symbol.
12. Given a table of the concentrations of the reactants and the initial rate of the reaction, calculate the order of the reaction with respect to one of the reactants.
13. Given a series of Ka values for acids, identify which one would yield the highest hydronium ion concentration.
14. Given the concentration of a weak acid, and its pH, calculate the value of its Ka.
15. Given a series of salts and their Ksp, rank the salts in order of increasing solubilities.
16. Given the cell notation of an electrochemical cell, calculate its Eo.
17. Given the Eo for the cell, the cell notation and the concentration of the solutions in the cell, calculate E for the cell.
18. Given the value of the current and the time, calculate the moles of the substance produced.
19. What is the molecular geometry of a carbon atom in a saturated hydrocarbon.
20. Given the skeleton of the carbon containing compound, determine how many hydrogen atoms will be needed to complete the hydrocarbon structure.
21. What type of bonds is present in an alkene.
22. How are the three successive Ka's of a triprotic acid related to each other.
Explanation / Answer
2) Transition metal cation has vacant d orbitals in which they can accept lone pair of electrons donated by ligands.
For formation of 1 bond it requires 2 electrons.
When in a bond formation one of the atoms gives (shares) 2 electrons the bond formed is termed as coordinate covalent bond or dative bond.
Hence a coordinate covalent or dative bond is most likely to be formed between a transition metal cation and a ligand.
A dative bond between transition metal cation Mn+ and ligand L is shown as
Mn+ <--------- L
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4) Molecules with non-superimposable mirror images are termed as Chiral or Asymmetric molecules.
Asymmetry in such molecules is because the central atom attached to 4 different atoms/group of atoms (in case of tetravalent atoms like C or otherwise more/less).
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Let E be any generic element having atomic number Z , mass number A and neutron number N.
Then nuclear symbol of E is given as AZEN.
6) Let X be the element formed after a beta decay.
In decay a proton converts into neutron and hence mass number which is sum of proton number and neutron number remains same but atomic number which is equal to proton number decreases by 1 and hence the nuclear symbol of new element X formed will be AZ–1XN+1.
Net decay processes can be given as,
AZEN. -----------> AZ–1XN+1 + 01
7) In electron capture i.e K–capture (K shell electron captured hence called so) a proton capture an electron and get converted into a neutron and hence mass number remains same and atomic number decrease by 1.
All explanation same as 01 decay only the K–capture is shown as,
AZEN.+ 0–1e -----------> AZ–1XN+1 .
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9) Radioactive decay follows First order kinetics.
Let,
Initial amount of radioactive substance = [A0]
final amount of radioactive substance after time t = [A]
Radioactive decay constant =
Then integrated rate law for First order reaction is given as,
ln ([A]/[A0]) = – t
or
ln ([A0]/[A]) = t …………….. (1) (reciprocation absorbs –ve sign)
We want to find t for final amount [A] = ¼ of initial amount [A0]
i.e. [A] = ¼ [A0]
[A0]/[A] = 4
Put it in eq. (1)
ln (4) = t
t = ln(4)/
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13)
For any acid HA ionization equilibrium is given as,
HA + H2O ------------> H3O+ (aq.) + A– (aq.)
Ionization / dissociation constant Ka is then given as,
Ka = [H3O+][A–]/[HA]
From this expression its clear that,
As Ka increases [H3O+] also increases.
Among the set of given acids the hydronium ion [H3O+] increases in the increasing order of Ka value for equimolar concentration.
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18) If A ampere is the current flowing through circuit for time t seconds then by Coulombs laws of electrolysis amount deposited can be can be given as,
m = Z x A x t
Where Z is electrochemical equivalent.
Just divide m by molar/atomic mass of substance formed you will get number of moles of substatnce.
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19) In saturated hydrocarbons C exists in sp3 hybridized state and molecular geometry corresponds to this is tetrahedral.
In saturated hydrocarbons molecular geometry of C is tetrahedral.
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20) General formula for saturated hydrocarbon is CnH2n+2. Where n is the number of C atoms present in given hydrocarbon.
For given hydrocarbon if k is the number of C atoms then H number = 2k+2.
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21) Alkene have sp2 hybridized C atoms and hence it contain bond(s) along with bond.
There is one bond per 2 C atoms.
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22) Let Ka1, Ka2, Ka3 are three successive Ka’s on a triprotic acid.
If Ka is net dissociation constant for given triprotic acid then we can write,
Ka = Ka1 x Ka2 x Ka3
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Rest question if to be answered you need to give them with details or specific examples.
For then generalization
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